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chattels（chattels real）

發(fā)布時間：2023-03-12 11:48:11 稿源：創(chuàng)意嶺閱讀： 78 問大家

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本文目錄:

1、求英國自由大憲章原文
2、體驗式培訓(xùn)師不得不知之庫爾特·哈恩（Kurt Hahn）
3、雅思考試報名英文委托書
4、英文關(guān)于月亮詩句(有關(guān)月亮的英文小詩)

chattels（chattels real）

一、求英國自由大憲章原文

The Magna Carta

(The Great Charter)

1215

Preamble: John, by the grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and count of Anjou, to the archbishop, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justiciaries, foresters, sheriffs, stewards, servants, and to all his bailiffs and liege subjects, greetings. Know that, having regard to God and for the salvation of our soul, and those of all our ancestors and heirs, and unto the honor of God and the advancement of his holy Church and for the rectifying of our realm, we have granted as underwritten by advice of our venerable fathers, Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England and cardinal of the holy Roman Church, Henry, archbishop of Dublin, William of London, Peter of Winchester, Jocelyn of Bath and Glastonbury, Hugh of Lincoln, Walter of Worcester, William of Coventry, Benedict of Rochester, bishops; of Master Pandulf, subdeacon and member of the household of our lord the Pope, of brother Aymeric (master of the Knights of the Temple in England), and of the illustrious men William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, William, earl of Salisbury, William, earl of Warenne, William, earl of Arundel, Alan of Galloway (constable of Scotland), Waren Fitz Gerold, Peter Fitz Herbert, Hubert De Burgh (seneschal of Poitou), Hugh de Neville, Matthew Fitz Herbert, Thomas Basset, Alan Basset, Philip d'Aubigny, Robert of Roppesley, John Marshal, John Fitz Hugh, and others, our liegemen.

1. In the first place we have granted to God, and by this our present charter confirmed for us and our heirs forever that the English Church shall be free, and shall have her rights entire, and her liberties inviolate; and we will that it be thus observed; which is apparent from this that the freedom of elections, which is reckoned most important and very essential to the English Church, we, of our pure and unconstrained will, did grant, and did by our charter confirm and did obtain the ratification of the same from our lord, Pope Innocent III, before the quarrel arose between us and our barons: and this we will observe, and our will is that it be observed in good faith by our heirs forever. We have also granted to all freemen of our kingdom, for us and our heirs forever, all the underwritten liberties, to be had and held by them and their heirs, of us and our heirs forever.

2. If any of our earls or barons, or others holding of us in chief by military service shall have died, and at the time of his death his heir shall be full of age and owe "relief", he shall have his inheritance by the old relief, to wit, the heir or heirs of an earl, for the whole barony of an earl by £100; the heir or heirs of a baron, £100 for a whole barony; the heir or heirs of a knight, 100s, at most, and whoever owes less let him give less, according to the ancient custom of fees.

3. If, however, the heir of any one of the aforesaid has been under age and in wardship, let him have his inheritance without relief and without fine when he comes of age.

4. The guardian of the land of an heir who is thus under age, shall take from the land of the heir nothing but reasonable produce, reasonable customs, and reasonable services, and that without destruction or waste of men or goods; and if we have committed the wardship of the lands of any such minor to the sheriff, or to any other who is responsible to us for its issues, and he has made destruction or waster of what he holds in wardship, we will take of him amends, and the land shall be committed to two lawful and discreet men of that fee, who shall be responsible for the issues to us or to him to whom we shall assign them; and if we have given or sold the wardship of any such land to anyone and he has therein made destruction or waste, he shall lose that wardship, and it shall be transferred to two lawful and discreet men of that fief, who shall be responsible to us in like manner as aforesaid.

5. The guardian, moreover, so long as he has the wardship of the land, shall keep up the houses, parks, fishponds, stanks, mills, and other things pertaining to the land, out of the issues of the same land; and he shall restore to the heir, when he has come to full age, all his land, stocked with ploughs and wainage, according as the season of husbandry shall require, and the issues of the land can reasonable bear.

6. Heirs shall be married without disparagement, yet so that before the marriage takes place the nearest in blood to that heir shall have notice.

7. A widow, after the death of her husband, shall forthwith and without difficulty have her marriage portion and inheritance; nor shall she give anything for her dower, or for her marriage portion, or for the inheritance which her husband and she held on the day of the death of that husband; and she may remain in the house of her husband for forty days after his death, within which time her dower shall be assigned to her.

8. No widow shall be compelled to marry, so long as she prefers to live without a husband; provided always that she gives security not to marry without our consent, if she holds of us, or without the consent of the lord of whom she holds, if she holds of another.

9. Neither we nor our bailiffs will seize any land or rent for any debt, as long as the chattels of the debtor are sufficient to repay the debt; nor shall the sureties of the debtor be distrained so long as the principal debtor is able to satisfy the debt; and if the principal debtor shall fail to pay the debt, having nothing wherewith to pay it, then the sureties shall answer for the debt; and let them have the lands and rents of the debtor, if they desire them, until they are indemnified for the debt which they have paid for him, unless the principal debtor can show proof that he is discharged thereof as against the said sureties.

10. If one who has borrowed from the Jews any sum, great or small, die before that loan be repaid, the debt shall not bear interest while the heir is under age, of whomsoever he may hold; and if the debt fall into our hands, we will not take anything except the principal sum contained in the bond.

11. And if anyone die indebted to the Jews, his wife shall have her dower and pay nothing of that debt; and if any children of the deceased are left under age, necessaries shall be provided for them in keeping with the holding of the deceased; and out of the residue the debt shall be paid, reserving, however, service due to feudal lords; in like manner let it be done touching debts due to others than Jews.

12. No scutage not aid shall be imposed on our kingdom, unless by common counsel of our kingdom, except for ransoming our person, for making our eldest son a knight, and for once marrying our eldest daughter; and for these there shall not be levied more than a reasonable aid. In like manner it shall be done concerning aids from the city of London.

13. And the city of London shall have all it ancient liberties and free customs, as well by land as by water; furthermore, we decree and grant that all other cities, boroughs, towns, and ports shall have all their liberties and free customs.

14. And for obtaining the common counsel of the kingdom anent the assessing of an aid (except in the three cases aforesaid) or of a scutage, we will cause to be summoned the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, and greater barons, severally by our letters; and we will moveover cause to be summoned generally, through our sheriffs and bailiffs, and others who hold of us in chief, for a fixed date, namely, after the expiry of at least forty days, and at a fixed place; and in all letters of such summons we will specify the reason of the summons. And when the summons has thus been made, the business shall proceed on the day appointed, according to the counsel of such as are present, although not all who were summoned have come.

15. We will not for the future grant to anyone license to take an aid from his own free tenants, except to ransom his person, to make his eldest son a knight, and once to marry his eldest daughter; and on each of these occasions there shall be levied only a reasonable aid.

16. No one shall be distrained for performance of greater service for a knight's fee, or for any other free tenement, than is due therefrom.

17. Common pleas shall not follow our court, but shall be held in some fixed place.

18. Inquests of novel disseisin, of mort d'ancestor, and of darrein presentment shall not be held elsewhere than in their own county courts, and that in manner following; We, or, if we should be out of the realm, our chief justiciar, will send two justiciaries through every county four times a year, who shall alone with four knights of the county chosen by the county, hold the said assizes in the county court, on the day and in the place of meeting of that court.

19. And if any of the said assizes cannot be taken on the day of the county court, let there remain of the knights and freeholders, who were present at the county court on that day, as many as may be required for the efficient making of judgments, according as the business be more or less.

20. A freeman shall not be amerced for a slight offense, except in accordance with the degree of the offense; and for a grave offense he shall be amerced in accordance with the gravity of the offense, yet saving always his "contentment"; and a merchant in the same way, saving his "merchandise"; and a villein shall be amerced in the same way, saving his "wainage" if they have fallen into our mercy: and none of the aforesaid amercements shall be imposed except by the oath of honest men of the neighborhood.

21. Earls and barons shall not be amerced except through their peers, and only in accordance with the degree of the offense.

22. A clerk shall not be amerced in respect of his lay holding except after the manner of the others aforesaid; further, he shall not be amerced in accordance with the extent of his ecclesiastical benefice.

23. No village or individual shall be compelled to make bridges at river banks, except those who from of old were legally bound to do so.

24. No sheriff, constable, coroners, or others of our bailiffs, shall hold pleas of our Crown.

25. All counties, hundred, wapentakes, and trithings (except our demesne manors) shall remain at the old rents, and without any additional payment.

26. If anyone holding of us a lay fief shall die, and our sheriff or bailiff shall exhibit our letters patent of summons for a debt which the deceased owed us, it shall be lawful for our sheriff or bailiff to attach and enroll the chattels of the deceased, found upon the lay fief, to the value of that debt, at the sight of law worthy men, provided always that nothing whatever be thence removed until the debt which is evident shall be fully paid to us; and the residue shall be left to the executors to fulfill the will of the deceased; and if there be nothing due from him to us, all the chattels shall go to the deceased, saving to his wife and children their reasonable shares.

27. If any freeman shall die intestate, his chattels shall be distributed by the hands of his nearest kinsfolk and friends, under supervision of the Church, saving to every one the debts which the deceased owed to him.

28. No constable or other bailiff of ours shall take corn or other provisions from anyone without immediately tendering money therefor, unless he can have postponement thereof by permission of the seller.

29. No constable shall compel any knight to give money in lieu of castle-guard, when he is willing to perform it in his own person, or (if he himself cannot do it from any reasonable cause) then by another responsible man. Further, if we have led or sent him upon military service, he shall be relieved from guard in proportion to the time during which he has been on service because of us.

30. No sheriff or bailiff of ours, or other person, shall take the horses or carts of any freeman for transport duty, against the will of the said freeman.

31. Neither we nor our bailiffs shall take, for our castles or for any other work of ours, wood which is not ours, against the will of the owner of that wood.

32. We will not retain beyond one year and one day, the lands those who have been convicted of felony, and the lands shall thereafter be handed over to the lords of the fiefs.

33. All kydells for the future shall be removed altogether from Thames and Medway, and throughout all England, except upon the seashore.

34. The writ which is called praecipe shall not for the future be issued to anyone, regarding any tenement whereby a freeman may lose his court.

35. Let there be one measure of wine throughout our whole realm; and one measure of ale; and one measure of corn, to wit, "the London quarter"; and one width of cloth (whether dyed, or russet, or "halberget"), to wit, two ells within the selvedges; of weights also let it be as of measures.

36. Nothing in future shall be given or taken for a writ of inquisition of life or limbs, but freely it shall be granted, and never denied.

37. If anyone holds of us by fee-farm, either by socage or by burage, or of any other land by knight's service, we will not (by reason of that fee-farm, socage, or burgage), have the wardship of the heir, or of such land of his as if of the fief of that other; nor shall we have wardship of that fee-farm, socage, or burgage, unless such fee-farm owes knight's service. We will not by reason of any small serjeancy which anyone may hold of us by the service of rendering to us knives, arrows, or the like, have wardship of his heir or of the land which he holds of another lord by knight's service.

38. No bailiff for the future shall, upon his own unsupported complaint, put anyone to his "law", without credible witnesses brought for this purposes.

39. No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned or disseised or exiled or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.

40. To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right or justice.

41. All merchants shall have safe and secure exit from England, and entry to England, with the right to tarry there and to move about as well by land as by water, for buying and selling by the ancient and right customs, quit from all evil tolls, except (in time of war) such merchants as are of the land at war with us. And if such are found in our land at the beginning of the war, they shall be detained, without injury to their bodies or goods, until information be received by us, or by our chief justiciar, how the merchants of our land found in the land at war with us are treated; and if our men are safe there, the others shall be safe in our land.

42. It shall be lawful in future for anyone (excepting always those imprisoned or outlawed in accordance with the law of the kingdom, and natives of any country at war with us, and merchants, who shall be treated as if above provided) to leave our kingdom and to return, safe and secure by land and water, except for a short period in time of war, on grounds of public policy- reserving always the allegiance due to us.

43. If anyone holding of some escheat (such as the honor of Wallingford, Nottingham, Boulogne, Lancaster, or of other escheats which are in our hands and are baronies) shall die, his heir shall give no other relief, and perform no other service to us than he would have done to the baron if that barony had been in the baron's hand; and we shall hold it in the same manner in which the baron held it.

44. Men who dwell without the forest need not henceforth come before our justiciaries of the forest upon a general summons, unless they are in plea, or sureties of one or more, who are attached for the forest.

45. We will appoint as justices, constables, sheriffs, or bailiffs only such as know the law of the realm and mean to observe it well.

46. All barons who have founded abbeys, concerning which they hold charters from the kings of England, or of which they have long continued possession, shall have the wardship of them, when vacant, as they ought to have.

47. All forests that have been made such in our time shall forthwith be disafforsted; and a similar course shall be followed with regard to river banks that have been placed "in defense" by us in our time.

48. All evil customs connected with forests and warrens, foresters and warreners, sheriffs and their officers, river banks and their wardens, shall immediately by inquired into in each county by twelve sworn knights of the same county chosen by the honest men of the same county, and shall, within forty days of the said inquest, be utterly abolished, so as never to be restored, provided always that we previously have intimation thereof, or our justiciar, if we should not be in England.

49. We will immediately restore all hostages and charters delivered to us by Englishmen, as sureties of the peace of faithful service.

50. We will entirely remove from their bailiwicks, the relations of Gerard of Athee (so that in future they shall have no bailiwick in England); namely, Engelard of Cigogne, Peter, Guy, and Andrew of Chanceaux, Guy of Cigogne, Geoffrey of Martigny with his brothers, Philip Mark with his brothers and his nephew Geoffrey, and the whole brood of the same.

51. As soon as peace is restored, we will banish from the kingdom all foreign born knights, crossbowmen, serjeants, and mercenary soldiers who have come with horses and arms to the kingdom's hurt.

52. If anyone has been dispossessed or removed by us, without the legal judgment of his peers, from his lands, castles, franchises, or from his right, we will immediately restore them to him; and if a dispute arise over this, then let it be decided by the five and twenty barons of whom mention is made below in the clause for securing the peace. Moreover, for all those possessions, from which anyone has, without the lawful judgment of his peers, been disseised or removed, by our father, King Henry, or by our brother, King Richard, and which we retain in our hand (or which as possessed by others, to whom we are bound to warrant them) we shall have respite until the usual term of crusaders; excepting those things about which a plea has been raised, or an inquest made by our order, before our taking of the cross; but as soon as we return from the expedition, we will immediately grant full justice therein.

53. We shall have, moreover, the same respite and in the same manner in rendering justice concerning the disafforestation or retention of those forests which Henry our father and Richard our broter afforested, and concerning the wardship of lands which are of the fief of another (namely, such wardships as we have hitherto had by reason of a fief which anyone held of us by knight's service), and concerning abbeys founded on other fiefs than our own, in which the lord of the fee claims to have right; and when we have returned, or if we desist from our expedition, we will immediately grant full justice to all who complain of such things.

54. No one shall be arrested or imprisoned upon the appeal of a woman, for the death of any other than her husband.

55. All fines made with us unjustly and against the law of the land, and all amercements, imposed unjustly and against the law of the land, shall be entirely remitted, or else it shall be done concerning them according to the decision of the five and twenty barons whom mention is made below in the clause for securing the pease, or according to the judgment of the majority of the same, along with the aforesaid Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, if he can be present, and such others as he may wish to bring with him for this purpose, and if he cannot be present the business shall nevertheless proceed without him, provided

二、體驗式培訓(xùn)師不得不知之庫爾特·哈恩（Kurt Hahn）

再次打開介紹庫爾特·哈恩的網(wǎng)站(www.kurt Hahn.org)，引入眼簾的依舊是那張哈恩博士的演講圖，一個精神矍鑠的老人和他“溫和而堅定”的眼神。

主頁關(guān)于哈恩博士的介紹，短短兩段文字，足以引起你對他深入了解好奇心，原文如下：

Kurt Hahn was a key figure in the development of experiential education. He was the founder of the the Atlantic College, the first United World College, the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award, Gordonstoun, Outward Bound, and Salem. Many other institutions, such as the Atlantic Challenge, the Kurt Hahn Trust, and Round Square, were initiated by others who were inspired by his ideas. KurtHahn.org was founded in 1999 by Charles Costello and Liz Cunningham – with the generous assistance of the Kurt Hahn Archive and numerous staff from Hahn-inspired schools – to provide access to Hahn’s speeches and writings about him.

Kurt Hahn was born June 5th, 1886 and died December 14th, 1974. “There is more in you than you think” is an inscription found on the wall of a family home in Belgium before World War II. It became one of the leitmotivs of his philosophy: that each of us has more courage, strength and compassion than we would ever have fathomed. Kurt Hahn’s calling in life was to help people realize this truth about themselves. We hope you find similar inspiration here.

通過學(xué)習(xí)了解外展訓(xùn)練和它的創(chuàng)始人庫爾特·哈恩的相關(guān)資料，尤其是關(guān)于哈恩本人所寫的文章，可以了解在他的帶動和倡議下，形成的一系列教育活動、教育思想和教育模型，包括大家熟知的愛丁堡公爵獎、聯(lián)合世界學(xué)院、Trevelyan獎學(xué)金和圓形廣場等。此外，體驗教育協(xié)會（The Association for Experiential Education）也有大量可以找到的關(guān)于Kurt Hahn的各類研究資料。

在開啟了解庫爾特·哈恩教育思想的同時，向上世紀(jì)最具教育創(chuàng)意的庫爾特·哈恩博士致敬。

關(guān)于庫爾特·哈恩的教育思想，可以從他最早的三次演講開始。1936年哈恩創(chuàng)立戈登斯頓學(xué)校后不久發(fā)表的演講，被公認(rèn)為他早期演講的開篇之作，演講的題目是《教育與和平:現(xiàn)代社會的基礎(chǔ)》。

原文如下：

By Kurt Hahn

On his death bed my late chief, Prince Max of Baden, wrote a letter to a leading European statesman in which he uttered a grave warning - The League of Nations was a magnificent edifice, but it would break down because it was erected on the rotten foundation of the Versailles Treaty, that is to say, on hatred and distrust. Nothing would save the League and the peace of the world but the revision of the Treaty. That was in 1929. At this perilous moment of the world's history, Western civilisation is making frantic efforts to establish the peace of nations, but the building of class peace is a task no less compelling. We follow with faith and hope those healing movements meant to help the unemployed. We look forward to an ever-improving mechanism of arbitration and conciliation in the labour disputes of the future, but what will all these plans and structures avail if they are built on the unsafe foundation of class distrust and class strangeness.

To use a simile: A gigantic dam for water works was erected in the south of Germany. The best engineers had planned and supervised the building of this dam; the structure was flawless, but it was erected on crumbling stone, and with this stone the dam gave way. Nothing but goodwill between nations and classes can save this generation from wars and revolutions. And education can help to build this bedrock of goodwill as a foundation of the society to be.

I take liberty to mention in this context the Salem-Gordonstoun contribution. We have seventy boys in Gordonstoun, and of these, twenty percent are non-British, and among them are five different nationalities. The boy growing up in brotherhood with foreigners, cannot help but learn to care about the rights and the happiness of at least one other nation. A German boy would realise what sea power meant for your sense of security; and a British. boy would taste some of the German anxiety, when the Russian bear and French cock are beginning to growl and crow in unison round our unprotected frontiers.

Patriotism does not become diluted; on the contrary, it grows up stronger and nobler by including the love of humanity. I have no respect for the tribal fervour which extols one's own virtues and blinds one to the virtues of one's neighbours. I remember one of my German professors; he was a charming Jingo. He felt disturbed by the fact that our great philosopher, Kant, had a father of Aberdeenshire origin. He said in the lecture room: "Gentlemen, the man who has given the Categorical Imperative to the world, that is the supremacy of moral duty - this man cannot possibly have had a Scottish father, at least, as I imagine Scottish people to be." Probably the only Scottish characters he knew were some wild and shaggy Shetland ponies, which were, at that time, driven about in the parks of Berlin. I have no more sympathy with that nice English boy who settled a controversy of his younger brothers about what the Lord looked like, whether he had a beard or not. He settled it by saying, "What does it matter so long as he is an Englishman?"

Such sentiments do not thrive in a community where boys of different nations share the experiences of an enthralling school life. To what extent the sense of justice can be quickened in the young I should like to illustrate by the protest of a Salem boy, which,I am afraid, was directed against me and one of my statements on international affairs. I was explaining the Versailles Treaty to a Salem class, and had related that unforgettable incident in Versailles when the outraged sense of justice of one man achieved the changing of an important article. The Saar article in its original form not only stipulated a plebiscite after 15 years and the endorsement of a favorable plebiscite by the Council of the League, but also that even then the Saar River was not to return to Germany unless Germany had previously bought back the coal mines. Then Dr. Simons, the late Lord Chief Justice of Germany, flared up, and said, "For the first time in history men are treated as chattels of coal mines." This indignant outcry was transmitted to a note, and through the note to the English delegation, who saw to it that this outrage was ejected from the Treaty.

In the next lesson I spoke of the Eastern section of the Treaty. I was justly indignant about the Corridor and the Upper Silesia settlement, but, unfortunately, tribal fervour swept me along, and I also took objection to the cession of Posen, which was inhabited by an indisputably Polish population. I objected on the strength of the fact that Berlin had lost with Posen its chief potato base. Then a boy of 15 flared up like a Lord Chief Justice, and said, "Mr Hahn, you are treating Polish men as chattels of potato fields."

I am sure this healthy rebuke was only administered because there was an admixture of foreign boys exercising a salubrious influence on the spirit of equity throughout the school.

In the same way children should, during their adolescence, experience the brotherhood of classes. In Gordonstoun we are grading the fees according to the incomes of the parents. Before long we hope only to charge a nominal fee for our day boys, as we did in Salem. Distances should not deter. It takes as long to go in a motorbus from Burghead to Gordonstoun as it took me to walk in my Oxford days from my College to Worcester College, where I attended lectures.

All our boys learn a craft, not from artisans who come to us, but from artisans whom they seek out in their own workshops. They go to the boat-builder, to the smith, to the carpenter. They will go to the engineer and the sail-maker. I have the same experience as at home: your sterling artisans have a greater horror of half-finished work than the schoolmaster. Every one of our boys learns how to groom a horse; many of them learn gardening. In this way all sense the dignity of manual labour.

They try to serve this beautiful district. Our boys have built a coast-guard hut. The Board of Trade have installed a telephone and lent us a life-saving outfit. Whenever there is a summons from headquarters in Aberdeen they man the hut and watch day and night. When they come back in the morning they have an expression in their eyes such as you see in fishermen who are in the habit of looking out to the horizon.

They know they are never called out unless there is real anxiety: Life-saving requires soldierly drill, precise and brisk as any drill for martial purposes, but it is a good thought that mass discipline such as this aims at the saving, not the destruction, of lives. In the holidays the Gordonstoun duties are taken over by the Hopeman Rovers. Hopeman, indeed, has proved a good brother to us. They have lent us the beautiful voices of their boys for out Nativity Play. We hope next year to throw open our natural stadium to all the neighbourhood, so that every Morayshire boy, whether he goes to school in Gordonstoun or elsewhere, can train and be trained with us how to jump, to run, and to throw. Jumping develops decision; throwing, strength; running, the power to tap one's hidden reserves. We intend to present the Gordonstoun badge to all those who pass certain tests which are within the reach of every normal boy. We would add one condition, that during their training period, which extends over a year, they observe our rules of health. They have to take a cold shower, they have to abstain from drinking and smoking.

It is our duty to equip this growing generation, irrespective of class, with willing bodies. It is our duty also to train them in self-discipline. Freedom and discipline are not enemies, they are friends. If you throw a glance at the boys of any public or secondary school you find them up to the age of thirteen full of curiosity, courteous, animated by high and good spirits. Then they reach the awkward age. They often lose their freshness and their charm, sometimes forever. I belong to a secret society called the Anti-lout Society. The Salem system tries to preserve a child's strength intact through the difficult, the loutish years, and to hand it to the man as a life-long source of strength.

I should like to tell you of an episode which took place a few months ago. I told a Professor of a London hospital that Ernst Hofmann, the Professor of Education in, Heidelberg, once said in a lecture, "If I travel through the length and breadth of Germany and meet young people between the ages of 15 and 20, with a radiance in their eyes reflecting the unbroken strength of childhood, I ask them, `Are you from Salem?' And they generally are." The London Professor looked .rather incredulous. Some weeks . after this a young German entered his office to apply for permission to work in this London hospital. The Professor saw a certain light in his face, and asked him, "Are you from Salem?" The answer was in the affirmative.

Morayshire is a training centre district, receiving health from the district, and one day, we hope to give it out. Jean Jaures said, “Nations are treasure-houses of humanity.”

I believe he is right, and I add, “Counties are treasure-houses of nations.”

注：文章引自庫爾特·哈恩官方網(wǎng)站，原文自因弗內(nèi)斯信使，1936年3月24日

哈恩做這次演講時，他是英國莫雷郡戈登斯頓學(xué)校的校長。在此之前，他已經(jīng)開始了自己的教育理念，在瑞士、奧地利和德國交界處的博登湖，也就是康斯坦斯湖畔建立了著名的塞勒姆學(xué)校，演講中可以看出庫爾特·哈恩的教育理念和教育格局，值得所有從事相關(guān)教育同仁學(xué)習(xí)。

三、雅思考試報名英文委托書

GENERAL POWER OF ATTORNEY

Contract No. :

Entrusting Party:

Entrusted Party:

Date:

I, _______, the undersigned, of _______, do hereby confer full

power of attorney on ________, of ________ as true and lawful

attorney-in-fact for me and in my name, place and stead, and on my

behalf, and for my use and benefit, regarding the following:

1. Item of Entrusting

(1) To ask, demand, litigate, recover, and receive all manner of ______.

(Such as goods, chattels, debts, rents, interest, sums of money and

demands whatsoever, due or hereafter to become due and owing, or

belonging to me, and to make, give and execute acquaintances, receipts,

satisfactions or other discharges for the same, whether under seal or

otherwise and so on.)

(2) To make, execute, endorse, accept and deliver in my name or in the name of my aforesaid attorney all ___________.

(Such as checks, notes, drafts, warrants, acknowledgments,

agreements and all other instruments in writing, of whatever nature, as

to my said attorney-in-fact may seem necessary to conserve my interests

and so on.)

(3) To execute, acknowledge and deliver any and all ______.

(Such as contracts, debts, leases and so on, in connection

therewith, and affecting any and all property presently mine or

hereafter acquired, located anywhere, which to my said attorney-in-fact

may seem necessary or advantageous for my interests.)

(4) To enter into and take possession of any _______.

(Such as lands, real estate, tenements, houses, stores or buildings and so on.)

(5) To commence, and prosecute on my behalf, any suits or actions or other legal or equitable proceedings.

(6) In my name to compromise, settle and adjust, with each and

every person or persons, all actions, accounts, dues and demands,

subsisting or to subsist between me and them or any of them, and in such

manner as my said attorney-in-fact shall think proper; hereby giving to

my said attorney power and authority to do, execute and perform and

finish for me and in my name all those things that shall be expedient

and necessary, or which my said attorney shall judge expedient and

necessary in and about or concerning the premises, or any of them, as

fully as I could do if personally present, hereby ratifying and

confirming whatever my said attorney shall do or cause to be done in,

about or concerning the premises and any part thereof. Powers conferred

on said attorney-in-fact shall not be restricted or limited by the

aforementioned specifications regarding situation of representation.

2. Entrusting Expense

Entrusting Party agrees to reimburse Entrusted Party for all proper

expenses incurred by Attorney pertaining to such action or settlement.

3. Effectiveness and Termination of

The rights, powers and authority of said attorney-in-fact granted

in this instrument shall commence and be in full force and effect on

______ (Month & Day), _______ (Year), and such rights, powers and

authority shall remain in full force and effect thereafter until I give

notice in writing that such power is terminated.

It is my desire, and I so freely state, that this power of

Entrusted Party shall not be affected by any subsequent disability or

incapacity that may befall me.

Further, upon a finding of incompetence by a court of appropriate

jurisdiction, this power of attorney shall be irrevocable until such

time as said court determines that I am no longer incompetent.

Signature:

I, ______, whose name is signed to the foregoing instrument, having

been duly qualified according to the law, do hereby acknowledge that I

signed and executed this power of attorney; that I am of sound mind;

that I am eighteen (18) years of age or older; that I signed it

willingly and am under no constraint or undue influence; and that I

signed it as my free and voluntary act for the purpose therein

expressed.

My commission expires on _______.

Entrusting party:

ID:

TEL:

Entrusted Party:

ID:

TEL:

自己作適當(dāng)?shù)男薷?

四、英文關(guān)于月亮詩句(有關(guān)月亮的英文小詩)

1.有關(guān)月亮的英文小詩

The Moon

R.L.Stevenson

The moon has a face like the clock in the hall;

She shines on thieves on the garden wall,

On streets and fields and harbour quays,

And birdies asleep in the forks of the trees.

The squalling cat and the squwaking mouse,

The howling dog by the door of the house,

The bat that lies in bed at moon,

All love to be out by the light of the moon.

月

R.L.史蒂文森

月兒的臉圓圓像大廳的鐘；

她現(xiàn)出了院墻上偷兒的影兒，

照亮了港灣田野和等角，

還有樹岔上醋睡的眾小鳥.

貓兒喵喵鼠兒吱吱叫，

守門的狗兒汪汪叫，

還有蝙蝠--午間還在睡大覺，

月光下大家出來玩玩多么好.

英語詩（看月亮）

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oh! look at the moon，噢！瞧那月亮，

Look at the moon，瞧那月亮，

Likeb a big silver spoon. 多么象大大的銀勺。

So round and so bright，那么圓，那么亮，

In the sky at night. 高高的掛在夜空上。

I gaze on the moon as I tread the drear wild，每當(dāng)我漫步荒野凝視明月，

And feel that my mother now thinks of her child，便想起母親正惦念著她的孩子，

As she looks on that moon from our own cottage door，當(dāng)她從茅舍門口遙望明月時，

Through the woodbine, whose fragrance shall cheer me no more. 穿過冬忍樹叢，濃郁樹香再也不能安慰我的心靈。

Home! Home! Sweet, sweet Home！家啊！家??！甜蜜的家??！

There's no place like Home! There's no place like Home！沒有地方比得上家！沒有地方比得上家！

2.有關(guān)月亮的詩歌（英語）

The Moon

R.L.Stevenson

The moon has a face like the clock in the hall;

She shines on thieves on the garden wall,

On streets and fields and harbour quays,

And birdies asleep in the forks of the trees.

The squalling cat and the squwaking mouse,

The howling dog by the door of the house,

The bat that lies in bed at moon,

All love to be out by the light of the moon.

月

R.L.史蒂文森

月兒的臉圓圓像大廳的鐘；

她現(xiàn)出了院墻上偷兒的影兒，

照亮了港灣田野和等角，

還有樹岔上醋睡的眾小鳥.

貓兒喵喵鼠兒吱吱叫，

守門的狗兒汪汪叫，

還有蝙蝠--午間還在睡大覺，

月光下大家出來玩玩多么好.

英語詩（看月亮）

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oh! look at the moon，噢！瞧那月亮，

Look at the moon，瞧那月亮，

Likeb a big silver spoon. 多么象大大的銀勺。

So round and so bright，那么圓，那么亮，

In the sky at night. 高高的掛在夜空上。

I gaze on the moon as I tread the drear wild，每當(dāng)我漫步荒野凝視明月，

And feel that my mother now thinks of her child，便想起母親正惦念著她的孩子，

As she looks on that moon from our own cottage door，當(dāng)她從茅舍門口遙望明月時，

Through the woodbine, whose fragrance shall cheer me no more. 穿過冬忍樹叢，濃郁樹香再也不能安慰我的心靈。

Home! Home! Sweet, sweet Home！家?。〖野?！甜蜜的家?。?

There's no place like Home! There's no place like Home！沒有地方比得上家！沒有地方比得上家！

3.有關(guān)于月亮的英文詩歌

月出時分I thought you a fire

On Heron-Plantation Hill,

Dealing out mischief the most dire

To the chattels of men of hire

There in their vill.

我想你是火焰

高高地燃燒在蒼茫的種植園山崗

看著那些工人們與悲慘的命運達成交易

那里，躺著他們的村莊

But by and by

You turned a yellow-green,

Like a large glow-worm in the sky;

And then I could descry

Your mood and mien.

不久之后

你將換上黃綠色的裳

就像一只夜空下的螢火蟲

我能夠看見

你的沉思與靜謐的風(fēng)采

How well I know

Your furtive feminine shape!

As if reluctantly you show

You nude of cloud, and but by favour throw

Aside its drape . . .

我比誰人都明了

你的輕盈充滿女性溫柔的身軀

仿佛你不愿將

光潔的云朵加以示人

你更喜歡的是輕輕為它披上

一件薄紗

How many a year

Have you kept pace with me,

Wan Woman of the waste up there,

Behind a hedge, or the bare

Bough of a tree!

一年中我們曾并肩

踏足多少的地方

垃圾堆旁的蒼白女人

走過籬笆墻外，或者是在那一株

落盡了葉子的樹枝下

No novelty are you,

O Lady of all my time,

Veering unbid into my view

Whether I near Death's mew,

Or Life's top cyme!

我對你再也熟習(xí)不過

與我時刻相伴的月光女神

你走進我的眼際

無論我靠近死神的荒冢

亦或是生命之樹的頂端！

托馬斯·哈代，英國詩人、小說家。他是橫跨兩個世紀(jì)的作家，早期和中期的創(chuàng)作以小說為主，繼承和發(fā)揚了維多利亞時代的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)；晚年以其出色的詩歌開拓了英國20世紀(jì)的文學(xué)。

4.關(guān)于月亮的英文句子誰知道

1、The moon rose.Your dreams will come true.月亮升起來了，你的夢想一定能實現(xiàn)的。

2、The moon is very beautiful.月亮很美。

3、The moon in foreign countries is extraordinarily round yet maybe I won't be able to see the less round moon any more.外國的月亮特別圓，可能無法再看到那個不夠圓的月亮。

4、The moon has a misshapen beauty.月亮有殘缺的美。

5、The moon changed oddly as it set. A dome, a flying saucer, a lens, a line。。 and then gone.月亮在她落山時奇妙地變化：從一個圓屋頂，變成一個飛著的托盤，再到一塊透鏡，一條線……然后消失不見。

6、People will appreciate the on scene in the yard, imagine the scene on the moon Chang E.人們會在院子里欣賞月景，想象著嫦娥在月亮上的景象。

7、Moon light,moon bright.I want to make a wish tonight.Wish i may,wish i

might.Have my wish come true

tonight！月亮很亮，月亮很明亮。今晚我想許一個愿望。希望我可以，希望我能。讓我的愿望在今晚實現(xiàn)吧！

8、In China's history, has very many about moon's fable, for example: Chang E rushes the month and so on.在中國的歷史上，有很多關(guān)于月亮的傳說，如：嫦娥奔月等。

9、I heard on the moon, Chang E sister and a little rabbit.聽說月亮上有嫦娥姐姐和一只小白兔。

10、15 Moon how beautiful!Wish Lantern Happy！十五的月亮多么美麗！祝元宵節(jié)快樂！

5.形容月亮的英語句子有哪些

1、The moon rose.Your dreams will come true.月亮升起來了，你的夢想一定能實現(xiàn)的。

2、The moon is very beautiful.月亮很美。3、The moon in foreign countries is extraordinarily round yet maybe I won't be able to see the less round moon any more.外國的月亮特別圓，可能無法再看到那個不夠圓的月亮。

4、The moon has a misshapen beauty.月亮有殘缺的美。5、The moon changed oddly as it set. A dome, a flying saucer, a lens, a line。

and then gone.月亮在她落山時奇妙地變化：從一個圓屋頂，變成一個飛著的托盤，再到一塊透鏡，一條線……然后消失不見。

6、People will appreciate the on scene in the yard, imagine the scene on the moon Chang E.人們會在院子里欣賞月景，想象著嫦娥在月亮上的景象。7、Moon light,moon bright.I want to make a wish tonight.Wish i may,wish i might.Have my wish come true tonight！月亮很亮，月亮很明亮。

今晚我想許一個愿望。希望我可以，希望我能。

讓我的愿望在今晚實現(xiàn)吧！8、In China's history, has very many about moon's fable, for example: Chang E rushes the month and so on.在中國的歷史上，有很多關(guān)于月亮的傳說，如：嫦娥奔月等。9、I heard on the moon, Chang E sister and a little rabbit.聽說月亮上有嫦娥姐姐和一只小白兔。

10、15 Moon how beautiful!Wish Lantern Happy！十五的月亮多么美麗！祝元宵節(jié)快樂！11、水調(diào)歌頭 Prelude to Water Melody 明月幾時有？ How long will the full moon appear？把酒問青天。 Wine cup in hand, I ask the sky.不知天上宮闕， I do not know what time of year 今夕是何年？ It would be tonight in the palace on high.我欲乘風(fēng)歸去， Riding the wind, there I would fly，又恐瓊樓玉宇， Yet I'm afraid the crystalline palace would be 高處不勝寒。

Too high and cold for me.起舞弄清影， I rise and dance, with my shadow I play，何似在人間！ On high as on earth, would it be as gay？轉(zhuǎn)朱閣， The moon goes round the mansions red 低綺戶， Through gauze-draped windows to shed 照無眠。 Her light upon the sleepless bed.不應(yīng)有恨， Against man she should have no spite.何事長向別時圓？ Why then when people part, is she oft full and bright？人有悲歡離合， Men have sorrow and joy, they meet or part again；月有陰晴圓缺， The moon is bright or dim and she may wax or wane.此事古難全。

There has been nothing perfect since the olden days.但愿人長久， So let us wish that man 千里共嬋娟。 May live long as he can!Though miles apart, we'll share the beauty she displays.。