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浙江省大學(xué)生物理競賽試題（浙江省大學(xué)生物理競賽試題2020）

發(fā)布時間：2023-04-25 15:02:17 稿源：創(chuàng)意嶺閱讀： 1507

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本文目錄:

1、求解一道28屆大學(xué)生物理競賽大氣壓的題
2、大學(xué)物理競賽試題
3、求2010年中國大學(xué)生物理競賽題目答案
4、大學(xué)物理競賽題目

浙江省大學(xué)生物理競賽試題（浙江省大學(xué)生物理競賽試題2020）

一、求解一道28屆大學(xué)生物理競賽大氣壓的題

這個大學(xué)物理課本上有相關(guān)結(jié)論的

這是玻爾茲曼將麥克斯韋的速度分布律應(yīng)用于大氣分子數(shù)密度、壓強(qiáng)隨高度的分布而得到的，記住這個結(jié)論就可以了

熱力學(xué)還是比較簡單的，主要是一些公式和概念

二、大學(xué)物理競賽試題

1。高斯定理 E4πr^2=q。ε =>E=q。4πεr^2,R1<r<r2,R2<r<r3,r>R3 E=0,0<r<R1,r2<r<R2,r3<r<R3 2。 U12=U2-U1=∫Edr,(R1-r2) =q。4πε*(1。R1-1。r2) C=q。U=4πεr2R1。(r2-R1) 3。 U23=∫Edr,(R2-r3) =q。4πε*(1。R2-1。r3) C=q。U=4πεr2R1。(r3-R2) 4。還是用高斯定理，把每個電容中間的場強(qiáng)求進(jìn)去 R1<r<r2, E4πr^2=q1。ε=>E=q1。4πεr^2 R2<r<r3, E4πr^2=(q1+q2)。ε=>E=(q1+q2)。4πεr^2 r>R3, E4πr^2=(q1+q2+q3)。ε=>E=(q1+q2+q3)。4πεr^2 U12=∫Edr,(R1-r2)=q1。4πε*(1。R1-1。r2) U23=∫Edr,(R1-r2)=(q1+q2)。4πε*(1。R2-1。r3) U12=-U23時,U1=U3 =>q1。4πε*(1。R1-1。r2)=(q1+q2)。4πε*(1。R2-1。r3) =>q1。q2=(1。R2-1。r2)。(1。R-1。r2-1。R2+1。r3)2011-10-24 7:02:56

三、求2010年中國大學(xué)生物理競賽題目答案

2010年的是：競賽題目（英文）

1. Electromagnetic cannon

A solenoid can be used to fire a small ball. A capacitor is used to energize the solenoid coil. Build a device with a capacitor charged to a maximum 50V. Investigate the relevant parameters and maximize the speed of the ball.

2. Brilliant pattern

Suspend a water drop at the lower end of a vertical pipe. Illuminate the drop using a laser pointer and observe the pattern created on a screen. Study and explain the structure of the pattern.

3. Steel balls

Colliding two large steel balls with a thin sheet of material (e.g. paper) in between may “burn” a hole in the sheet. Investigate this effect for various materials.

4. Soap film

Create a soap film in a circular wire loop. The soap film deforms when a charged body is placed next to it. Investigate how the shape of the soap film depends on the position and nature of the charge.

5. Grid

A plastic grid covers the open end of a cylindrical vessel containing water. The grid is covered and the vessel is turned upside down. What is the maximal size of holes in the grid so that water does not flow out when the cover is removed?

6. Ice

A wire with weights attached to each end is placed across a block of ice. The wire may pass through the ice without cutting it. Investigate the phenomenon.

7. Two flasks

Two similar flasks (one is empty, one contains water) are each connected by flexible pipes to a lower water reservoir. The flasks are heated to 100°C and this temperature is held for some time. Heating is stopped and as the flasks cool down, water is drawn up the tubes. Investigate and describe in which tube the water goes up faster and in which the final height is greater. How does this effect depend on the time of heating?

8. Liquid light guide

A transparent vessel is filled with a liquid (e.g. water). A jet flows out of the vessel. A light source is placed so that a horizontal beam enters the liquid jet (see picture). Under what conditions does the jet operate like a light guide?

9. Sticky water

When a horizontal cylinder is placed in a vertical stream of water, the stream can follow the cylinder’s circumference along the bottom and continue up the other side before it detaches. Explain this phenomenon and investigate the relevant parameters.

10. Calm surface

When wind blows across a water surface, waves can be observed. If the water is covered by an oil layer, the waves on the water surface will diminish. Investigate the phenomenon.

11. Sand

Dry sand is rather soft to walk on when compared to damp sand. However sand containing a significant amount of water becomes soft again. Investigate the parameters that affect the softness of sand.

12. Wet towels

When a wet towel is flicked, it may create a cracking sound like a whip. Investigate the effect. Why does a wet towel crack louder than a dry one?

13. Shrieking rod

A metal rod is held between two fingers and hit. Investigate how the sound produced depends on the position of holding and hitting the rod?

14. Magnetic spring

Two magnets are arranged on top of each other such that one of them is fixed and the other one can move vertically. Investigate oscillations of the magnet.

15. Paper anemometer

When thin strips of paper are placed in an air flow, a noise may be heard. Investigate how the velocity of the air flow can be deduced from this noise?

16. Rotating spring

A helical spring is rotated about one of its ends around a vertical axis. Investigate the expansion of the spring with and without an additional mass attached to its free end.

17. Kelvin’s dropper

Construct Kelvin’s dropper. Measure the highest voltage it can produce. Investigate its dependence on relevant parameters.

競賽題目（中文）

（此版本的譯文某些地方可能有出入，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)有哪些地方譯得不對請及時指出）

1.電磁炮

螺線管可以用來發(fā)射一個小球體。使用電容器為螺線管提供能量。以一個以50V為最大電壓的電容器制作一個裝置。探究球體速度的界限和如何是球體速度達(dá)到上限。

2.完美圖像

一滴水懸掛在縱向水管的出口處，用一束激光去照射，觀察屏上呈現(xiàn)的圖像。研究并解釋圖像的結(jié)構(gòu)。

3鋼球

用兩個巨大的鋼球在一個軟材料薄片（例如一張紙）處碰撞，會在這片材料上“燒”出一個洞。研究這種效應(yīng)在不同材料上的體現(xiàn)。

4.肥皂膜

在一個圓形的水槽中制造一個肥皂膜。當(dāng)把一個帶電物體放在旁邊時會使肥皂膜變形。探究該物體帶電的方位和電性如何影響上述效應(yīng)。

5.格柵

一個塑料格柵蓋在一個盛有水的圓柱形容器頂部。在格柵上面蓋上蓋子，把容器倒置過來。在蓋子移開時水不會落下來的前提下，格柵的最大孔徑是多少？

6.冰塊

一個兩邊掛有重物的金屬線被橫置在一個冰塊上，金屬線可能會自動地從冰塊中穿過。探究這一現(xiàn)象。

7.兩個燒瓶

兩個相同的燒瓶（一個是空的，另一個盛有水）分別連接著一根通向一個低處蓄水池的軟導(dǎo)管。兩個燒瓶都被加熱到100攝氏度并保持在此溫度一段時間。當(dāng)加熱停止，燒瓶正在冷卻時，水從導(dǎo)管中被吸了上去。探究在哪一個燒瓶中水會較快的被吸上去，哪一個中的水位最高。加熱的時間如何影響這一效應(yīng)。

8.液體導(dǎo)光（讓光線在水流里全反射）

一個透明的圓柱形容器裝滿了一種液體（例如水），一束水流從容器中流出來。放置一個光源，使光束水平地射入液體流。探究在何種情況下這束水流可以像光纖一樣。

9.粘稠的水

當(dāng)把一個豎直的圓柱體被放置在一束豎直流下的水流之中，這束水流在掉下來之前可以沿圓柱體的圓形底面流到另一端。解釋這種現(xiàn)象并探究相關(guān)參數(shù)。

10.平靜的水面

當(dāng)風(fēng)吹過水面時，會產(chǎn)生明顯的波紋，如果水面被一層油膜蓋住，水面的波紋就會減小。探究這一現(xiàn)象。

11.沙子

相比于濕的沙子，在干燥的沙子上面行走感覺更柔軟，然而，含有大量水分的沙子會重新變得柔軟。探究影響沙子柔軟程度的相關(guān)因素。

12.濕毛巾

如果拍動一條濕毛巾（我猜應(yīng)該是用濕毛巾去抽打一個堅(jiān)硬物體），會產(chǎn)生像用鞭子抽打一樣的劈啪聲。探究這一現(xiàn)象。為什么濕毛巾會比干毛巾發(fā)出更響亮的聲音。

13.尖叫的棒子

用兩個手指拿起一個鐵棒，并（用某種方式）敲打它。探究手指所拿的位置和敲擊的位置如何影響發(fā)出的聲響。