HOME 首頁(yè)
SERVICE 服務(wù)產(chǎn)品
XINMEITI 新媒體代運(yùn)營(yíng)
CASE 服務(wù)案例
NEWS 熱點(diǎn)資訊
ABOUT 關(guān)于我們
CONTACT 聯(lián)系我們
創(chuàng)意嶺
讓品牌有溫度、有情感
專注品牌策劃15年

    建筑景觀設(shè)計(jì)篇英文翻譯(建筑景觀設(shè)計(jì)篇英文翻譯)

    發(fā)布時(shí)間:2023-03-29 23:08:21     稿源: 創(chuàng)意嶺    閱讀: 102        當(dāng)前文章關(guān)鍵詞排名出租

    大家好!今天讓創(chuàng)意嶺的小編來(lái)大家介紹下關(guān)于建筑景觀設(shè)計(jì)篇英文翻譯的問(wèn)題,以下是小編對(duì)此問(wèn)題的歸納整理,讓我們一起來(lái)看看吧。

    開(kāi)始之前先推薦一個(gè)非常厲害的Ai人工智能工具,一鍵生成原創(chuàng)文章、方案、文案、工作計(jì)劃、工作報(bào)告、論文、代碼、作文、做題和對(duì)話答疑等等

    只需要輸入關(guān)鍵詞,就能返回你想要的內(nèi)容,越精準(zhǔn),寫(xiě)出的就越詳細(xì),有微信小程序端、在線網(wǎng)頁(yè)版、PC客戶端

    官網(wǎng):https://ai.de1919.com。

    創(chuàng)意嶺作為行業(yè)內(nèi)優(yōu)秀的企業(yè),服務(wù)客戶遍布全球各地,如需了解景觀設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)請(qǐng)撥打電話175-8598-2043,或添加微信:1454722008

    本文目錄:

    建筑景觀設(shè)計(jì)篇英文翻譯(建筑景觀設(shè)計(jì)篇英文翻譯)

    一、建筑術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯

    pedestrain view

    步道景觀

    Interior View

    內(nèi)景設(shè)計(jì)

    (exterior view = 外景設(shè)計(jì))

    roof plan

    屋頂平面圖(設(shè)計(jì)圖)

    parking plan

    停車位(規(guī)劃)方案

    Site Section

    場(chǎng)地剖面圖

    street section

    街道剖面圖

    circulation analysis

    交通體系分析

    greenspace analysis

    綠地分析(亦稱:“綠地規(guī)劃”)

    site edge analysis {原 "sit" 拼字有誤}

    場(chǎng)地輪廓分析

    design concept

    設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思(設(shè)計(jì)概念)

    design description

    設(shè)計(jì)描述

    technical details

    技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)

    < 上述為建筑景觀設(shè)計(jì)用語(yǔ),確認(rèn)可放心使用。有問(wèn)題可聯(lián)系!>

    二、勞煩各位幫忙將建筑圖紙上的話翻譯成英文,求各位了,能翻譯多少翻譯多少!!急!

    20 thick cement mortar 1:2.5

    80 thick C15 concrete

    70 thick gravel cushion

    Su-soil foundation

    Dampproof layer doped C20 fine aggregate concrete waterproofing agent

    10 thick 1:2 cement mortar including squarrosa

    20 thick 1:2 cement mortar plus waterproof agent Noodles

    Cement mortar drainage trench 1:20

    Sheet surface

    1:3 cement mortar

    100 thick reinforced concrete slab

    8 thick防滑地磚

    22 thick paste layer of cement mortar 1:2.5

    50 small stone thick layer of concrete poured the whole 06 @ 200 with a two-way reinforced

    Ramp profile

    Stainless Steel

    Brick time

    Filling sealing material

    Pool cover details

    Length L30 * 50 * 6

    Finished cast iron plate

    Indoor surface

    Frame structure

    Cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure construction of the ground floor should be reserved for the construction surface layer thickness, the first level-story building set aside 80mm ,1-3 level-story building set aside 50mm

    Doors and windows are the size of the hole size, dimensions in mm

    Architectural Design Help

    Total Plan

    Kitchen, bathroom complete the floor surface should be lower than the adjacent 20mm, the ground should be omitted geotropism direction pan of water, ground water to be done to deal with. Are used in polyurethane waterproof coating to make 40 fine aggregate concrete thick layer of protection.

    Outdoor terrace and outdoor corridors, platforms

    凡需hanging flat-topped upper floor room with its construction design requirements set aside by hanging bars or buried pieces.

    Wall

    The use of local common wall filled wall

    Homemade cement hollow brick

    The interior walls are: in the door,窗洞connections should legislate accordingly墻厚size reinforced concrete columns and beams have been poured at the same time trace. Reinforced concrete column reinforcement and details, see the structure of working drawings.

    The materials used to paint the inside and outside the walls and practices detailed in the table with the materials used to paint the part of the external walls.

    Moisture-proof walls

    Skirtboard

    The ground should slope to drain the direction of the gradient of 1% ~ 5%, to drain the mouth elevation above sea level should be below ground 20mm, floor drain to a radius of 250mm as the central framework, drainage slope should be 3% -5%

    Ground waterproof layer should be迎水面done in structural layer above

    Leveling

    Rust-proof steel components are required to do a second coat, finish second.

    Unless otherwise indicated,

    The projects are mainly aluminum alloy windows

    Site elevation and the ramp, road drainage see the total plan

    Green venues are detailed layout design Landscape

    Settlement joint

    Joints

    6 thick leveling layer of cement mortar 1:1.5

    Color wall paint a face at the end of the Second

    Mao stone, cultural stone

    Shimizu tile layer

    White latex paint at the end of a second

    20 thick polished granite or marble

    200 thick layer of cement cinder

    Su-soil foundation

    A total construction area

    On the ground floor area

    Underground construction area

    Covers an area of building area

    Building density

    FAR

    Greening rate

    Building low-rise

    Building height

    Units than

    Wall

    Groundwater King room

    See semi-basement retaining wall. .

    Septic tanks

    500 W polymer waterproof coating

    Angle

    The basement floor and wall waterproofing details

    Waterproofing membrane

    Open the direction of plate

    Overhaul 1:10 manhole node details

    Steel ladder

    Expansion bolts

    Hinge, bolt, galvanized iron sheets, 60 * 40 frame, galvanized steel pipes, to reconcile the Chatham

    Disabled ramp enlarge plane

    Potting cement mortar, cement mortar plastering, asphalt caulking

    Flange, screw fastening solid

    Gutter inclined roof drainage

    Roof profile large samples 1:10

    The roof of the chimney, parapet

    Iron railings manufacturers detailed design

    Embedded iron

    Indoor and outdoor window railing

    Facade flower details, asphalt

    Please refer to detailed matters not related to the construction and acceptance of national norms.

    Road sections

    The structural design of the total note

    The works do seismic design, special-shaped column frame

    Secondary level of security

    Independent foundation

    Design basis

    Second beam, main beam, main beam主筋

    Large sloping roof-like structure

    Retaining wall section

    Based on floor plan

    Structural layer floor elevation

    One column layout Network

    Based on the top surface to the second floor of the floor

    Floor beam reinforcement plan

    The layer structure elevation: -0.050; undated beam surface elevation with the corresponding plate surface elevation

    Primary and secondary beam junction to be in the main beam with both sides of the additional three stirrups, the diameter of the original主筋with stirrups, spacing of 50 and are in the main beam re-attached tendon hanging.

    Contour meeting press map interface beam stirrups encryption:

    Undated thickness for 100mm

    Roof beam reinforcement plan

    Basement floor structure

    Not specified for the distribution of tendons. .

    Stretching from the main beam semi-platform elevation

    Encryption scope column stirrups

    一些翻譯不出來(lái),不好意思- -

    三、求一篇與建筑設(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)的英文文獻(xiàn)帶翻譯

    〔提要〕隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和人類對(duì)工作、生活環(huán)境要求的提高,人們對(duì)給排水工程的設(shè)計(jì)已除了要求有合理、先進(jìn)的工藝流程,能生產(chǎn)出高質(zhì)量的水,還需要整個(gè)廠區(qū)有一個(gè)整潔優(yōu)美的環(huán)境和賞心悅目的建筑形態(tài)。這就必須對(duì)給排水工程的原有設(shè)計(jì)方法和程序思路有一個(gè)較大的改變,應(yīng)把設(shè)計(jì)的全過(guò)程看成是一個(gè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的、不斷開(kāi)放的、經(jīng)常變化的動(dòng)態(tài)體系,以確保設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)優(yōu)秀工程來(lái)。

    一、問(wèn)題的由來(lái)

    隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和人類對(duì)工作環(huán)境、生活質(zhì)量,特別是對(duì)美的追求的不斷提高,人們已不再滿足于原有的一套設(shè)計(jì)習(xí)慣。并且隨著我國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的確立,為了在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的市場(chǎng)中求得生存和發(fā)展,更要求對(duì)以前不受建筑設(shè)計(jì)重視的給排水工程的設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)一個(gè)較大的改革,以適應(yīng)日趨變化的業(yè)主市場(chǎng)。

    長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),給排水工程設(shè)計(jì)采用的是一種封閉靜止的方法,就工藝而工藝,就生產(chǎn)而生產(chǎn),僅僅只是為了滿足單一的一種功能,沒(méi)有綜合地考慮各種要素,因此工程的最終結(jié)果必然不能全方位地滿足業(yè)主的各方面要求,更不能滿足日趨重要的環(huán)境要求。

    近年來(lái)給排水工程設(shè)計(jì)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)告訴人們必須在設(shè)計(jì)的觀念上要有一個(gè)較大的革新,或者說(shuō)必須有一個(gè)新的認(rèn)識(shí)才能真正確保給排水工程的設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量的提高,即良好的功能和良好的建筑形象的高度統(tǒng)一。良好的功能可為生產(chǎn)和管理人員創(chuàng)造舒適安全和整潔優(yōu)美的環(huán)境,從而提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率;而良好的建筑形象也是一種功能,這種功能不光是物質(zhì)上的還有精神上的。

    水廠建筑的特點(diǎn):一是工業(yè)建筑范疇,但不能忽略其美觀;二是建筑物匍伏于地,尺度不大,并且形式單調(diào)均一分散、變化不大;三是構(gòu)筑物所占比重特大,表現(xiàn)在體量悶沉、笨重,而且一般布置在廠區(qū)平面顯眼的中心位置;四是污水處理廠氣味重而難聞;五是為使水廠的環(huán)境更加接近自然,需有大面積的綠化。因此,水廠的建筑設(shè)計(jì)的意義倒并不完全在于如何做好工藝(這是很重要的),如何畫(huà)出一張美麗的圖畫(huà),而在于其理想的目標(biāo)能得以實(shí)現(xiàn),完美的構(gòu)思能得以表達(dá),合理的功能能得以兌現(xiàn),以及優(yōu)雅的環(huán)境能得以體現(xiàn)。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目的,水廠的建筑設(shè)計(jì)首先應(yīng)該在確實(shí)掌握豐富的信息、詳實(shí)的資料的條件下,在加強(qiáng)內(nèi)部工種聯(lián)系的前提下,在正確的設(shè)計(jì)原則指導(dǎo)下和正確的方式組織下,有步驟、有計(jì)劃地應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代化的科學(xué)方法和先進(jìn)的技術(shù)手段去加以制訂(其中還要特別重視國(guó)外的各種先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn))。我們不能把設(shè)計(jì)的全過(guò)程看成是一個(gè)封閉———自立門戶的模式;單一———就事論事的模式,穩(wěn)定———一成不變的模式;而應(yīng)該看成是一個(gè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的、不斷開(kāi)放的、經(jīng)常變化的動(dòng)態(tài)體系,才能確保設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)完美的優(yōu)秀工程。

    二、要注意的幾個(gè)因素

    1 工藝流程的要求

    給水處理廠即一般常稱的自來(lái)水廠。由于原水水質(zhì)不同,工藝流程有各種組合,但它的基本工藝為混合、絮凝、沉淀、過(guò)濾和消毒。在城市水廠中,基本流程為原水→一級(jí)泵房→加藥→絮凝池→沉淀或澄清池→濾池→消毒清水池→二級(jí)泵房→用戶。水廠內(nèi)的主體處理構(gòu)筑物中沉淀池、濾池基本上都高出地面,只有清水池可以埋入地下,而當(dāng)沉淀采用平流式沉淀時(shí),其池長(zhǎng)達(dá)100余m,在水廠中會(huì)形成單調(diào)冗長(zhǎng)的池體,都需加以仔細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)。

    大多數(shù)的城市污水處理廠的流程一般為提升后的污水重力經(jīng)格柵→沉砂→初沉→曝氣→二沉→消毒→出流。如果排入的水體是感潮水體,有時(shí)亦會(huì)在處理水排入前有提升泵站,以解決高潮時(shí)污水廠的出水問(wèn)題。

    對(duì)于地下水位高的地區(qū)興建的污水廠,為了解決構(gòu)筑物的空池抗浮,往往以出水末端構(gòu)筑物的高度為控制,而將進(jìn)水泵站以后的構(gòu)筑物以高出地面3~4m布置,這樣就必須對(duì)這種沉悶不堪的大體量砼面作建筑處理,同時(shí)也必須對(duì)池間聯(lián)系的狹小的通道走廊作恰當(dāng)?shù)慕ㄖ幚?否則作為一個(gè)整體環(huán)境來(lái)講是極不理想的,往往也不易被人們所接受。

    2 總體規(guī)劃的要求

    總體規(guī)劃非常重要,它是設(shè)計(jì)的靈魂。在規(guī)劃時(shí)首先要有一個(gè)總體布局的構(gòu)思,其中應(yīng)包括:工藝布局的合理、道路走向的清晰、廣場(chǎng)的適宜、地域的平衡、人流的互不交叉和公建用房(即生活區(qū),其中包括辦公、科研、試驗(yàn)、管理、會(huì)議室、食堂、廚房等內(nèi)容)的最佳布置,然后按照①功能分區(qū)合理、簡(jiǎn)捷、便利、經(jīng)濟(jì)的原則;②風(fēng)向、日照、地形有利的原則;③構(gòu)圖優(yōu)美、對(duì)比均衡、空間流通的原則等,根據(jù)工藝流程的要求,結(jié)合廠址的自然條件及環(huán)境條件(包括地形以至地質(zhì)條件、廠外道路系統(tǒng)、綠化條件、朝向、原有建筑物等)來(lái)進(jìn)行總體規(guī)劃。在總體規(guī)劃中必須注意要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造良好的日照、空氣和通風(fēng)條件,還要盡量避免噪聲的干擾,合理安排和大量利用綠化,把生態(tài)環(huán)境放在首位統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃(特別是廠前區(qū)),然后將建筑物(或構(gòu)筑物)布置在經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮的綠化等環(huán)境中。在綠化設(shè)施中須充分考慮到生態(tài)綠化和景觀綠化的有機(jī)結(jié)合,并多種植些可以釋放有益氣體和減少塵埃的樹(shù)種,以改善廠區(qū)環(huán)境,減少空氣污染,提高廠區(qū)的明潔度。

    同時(shí),建筑物(構(gòu)筑物)的設(shè)計(jì)原則還必須在立足于“環(huán)境、空間、形式”三者統(tǒng)一的原則基礎(chǔ)上,使群體形象和個(gè)體形象都能表現(xiàn)出一種內(nèi)在的含蓄和諧調(diào),并通過(guò)曲直、高低、虛實(shí)、明暗、黑白、凹凸、方圓、上下等造型元素和設(shè)計(jì)手法的運(yùn)用充分體現(xiàn)出工藝工程設(shè)計(jì)的新境界。

    3 傳統(tǒng)觀念的改革

    傳統(tǒng)是指技術(shù)上、文化上歷史的凝聚、沉淀和積累,它是人們長(zhǎng)期經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)的總結(jié),是固有的客觀存在。它之所以能長(zhǎng)期繼承,經(jīng)久不衰,并在某些方面形成一種固有的心理態(tài)勢(shì),就是因?yàn)樗哂幸欢ǖ奈湍腿藢の兜挠囗?因此它往往極易被人們長(zhǎng)久地、習(xí)慣地循套,自然地襲用,即使有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些問(wèn)題和不足,但對(duì)成功來(lái)說(shuō)總往往可加以原諒,或者最后說(shuō)總的還是成功的。我們?nèi)绻q證地看,則可以這樣說(shuō),在繼承傳統(tǒng)之余必須要有充分的創(chuàng)新,即從“現(xiàn)實(shí)的需要出發(fā)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)作轉(zhuǎn)變的工作”。如果工藝總是老一套形式,形式總是老面孔,色彩總是陳調(diào)重彈,即使在功能上還可以過(guò)得去,能滿足業(yè)主的一般要求,但從社會(huì)發(fā)展來(lái)看,從兩個(gè)文明來(lái)看,無(wú)論如何在組織形式上、在事先指導(dǎo)上、在各專業(yè)的協(xié)調(diào)、在通氣上都應(yīng)該重新思考,不能一味循舊。在工藝上必須要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新、要提高、要有些新東西。在選型、色彩上必須要美觀、要有所升華,否則就不能使業(yè)主感到非常滿意,不能心情舒暢。為此可以說(shuō)挑戰(zhàn)創(chuàng)新是必須的,是絕對(duì)的,沒(méi)有創(chuàng)新就會(huì)暮氣沉沉沒(méi)有生氣,就不能前進(jìn)。

    4 防止專業(yè)之間的各行其是

    長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),給排水工程的習(xí)慣做法是工藝一馬當(dāng)先,先提出設(shè)想,后再遞交給其它各工種,盡管各工種可以回提條件給工藝,但由于已成習(xí)慣,且因?yàn)楦鲗I(yè)對(duì)工程總的概念認(rèn)識(shí)不足而未能充分進(jìn)行必要的商榷了解,互相質(zhì)疑,因此就提不出內(nèi)在的、關(guān)鍵的問(wèn)題,致使矛盾隱蔽得不到圓滿的解決,有時(shí)還會(huì)引起返工,最后造成木已成舟的尷尬局面,導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目得不到最佳的方案,達(dá)不到最理想的質(zhì)量。

    從管理科學(xué)上來(lái)說(shuō)事先指導(dǎo),預(yù)先協(xié)商,不把問(wèn)題的解決拖到最后,這是最科學(xué)也是最有效的工作方法。如果一個(gè)專業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì),一味地關(guān)在工作室里,并且總是閉門苦思(即沒(méi)有和其它有關(guān)專業(yè)認(rèn)真商量研究),就只會(huì)把這些設(shè)計(jì)(即使是本專業(yè)中最優(yōu)秀的設(shè)想)從一個(gè)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象變成了一個(gè)孤零零的個(gè)體,并且將這個(gè)專業(yè)完全裹入到“絕對(duì)正確”之中而一絲也動(dòng)彈不得,其結(jié)果必然是感覺(jué)遲鈍且視感平平,最后遠(yuǎn)不能滿足業(yè)主的總要求。因此,在整體設(shè)計(jì)中要非常重視事先的協(xié)調(diào),重視事先的各有關(guān)專業(yè)的參與協(xié)商,并且必須認(rèn)識(shí)到這不光是一個(gè)單一的項(xiàng)目也是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程,其優(yōu)劣的關(guān)鍵必然是組成這個(gè)組織內(nèi)的各有關(guān)要素的綜合,而決不是一個(gè)主導(dǎo)專業(yè)的所為(當(dāng)然,它是很重要的)。所以決不能允許各專業(yè)各行其是,或者說(shuō)是過(guò)分地突出自己,而缺少必要的整體相融性。只有通過(guò)組織有序的精心的全面的設(shè)計(jì)安排,我們才能把一個(gè)初看好像支離破碎、意見(jiàn)分岐、沒(méi)有完整性的模糊、凌亂的印象,變成一幅詩(shī)意盎然、變化有序、排列恰當(dāng)、構(gòu)圖完美的圖畫(huà)。

    5 建筑設(shè)計(jì)的重要性不可忽視

    長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),由于歷史的原因,建筑設(shè)計(jì)(特別是工業(yè)建筑)在思想上趨于封閉狹隘,在形式上趨于呆板一律,在色彩上趨于灰暗、單調(diào),總之建筑在如何體現(xiàn)滿足人類的舒適和精神要求這方面考慮得太少了,更談不上在美觀的構(gòu)思上多下功夫,而只片面單純地理解為單一的功能性構(gòu)筑物,僅為滿足生產(chǎn)而已,別無(wú)它求,諸如環(huán)境、空間、選型、尺度、色彩等方面都無(wú)關(guān)緊要也無(wú)須多考慮。

    因此在工業(yè)建筑中,建筑的地位一直不高,也沒(méi)有什么發(fā)言權(quán),最后造成廠區(qū)建筑不美觀,品味不高,大家不滿意。隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人民生活水平的提高,人們已不僅僅滿足于需要有一流的先進(jìn)的工藝、能生產(chǎn)出較好的社會(huì)需要的產(chǎn)品,人們的追求向更高層次發(fā)展,更需要有一個(gè)包括優(yōu)美的環(huán)境,良好的工作條件在內(nèi)的賞心悅目的舒適的氛圍,更需要防止和減少工業(yè)建筑常有的廢水廢氣對(duì)周邊環(huán)境的污染。這就需要進(jìn)行全方位的綜合的建筑設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)污染進(jìn)行充分有效的處理,保證有清晰的水質(zhì)和潔凈的空氣。建筑設(shè)計(jì)雖然不像工藝設(shè)計(jì)那樣直接產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,但從全局、長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的效應(yīng)來(lái)看,其對(duì)提高生產(chǎn)效率、保障職工的身體健康、社會(huì)的文明都能起到很好的、積極的能動(dòng)作用。因此,我們有必要對(duì)給排水工程中建筑設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)概念有一個(gè)新的認(rèn)識(shí),它必須是全面的、綜合的、整體效應(yīng)的結(jié)果并必須在整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中貫徹始終。設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐告訴我們應(yīng)該有一個(gè)懂總圖的設(shè)計(jì)師來(lái)進(jìn)行總的牽頭、控制和協(xié)調(diào),平衡各專業(yè),取其所長(zhǎng)限其所短來(lái)達(dá)到最佳的視覺(jué)效果,我們暫且稱此設(shè)計(jì)師為總協(xié)調(diào)建筑師吧。在建筑設(shè)計(jì)全過(guò)程中,總協(xié)調(diào)建筑師要始終以能形成最佳環(huán)境景觀的觀念為依據(jù),充分考慮到工藝流程的最先進(jìn)、最便捷,結(jié)構(gòu)布局的最經(jīng)濟(jì)、最合理,不斷地向各有關(guān)專業(yè)的負(fù)責(zé)人就當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境景觀的形成進(jìn)行有方向性的引導(dǎo),并不時(shí)向他們提供大家能接受的各種狀態(tài)建議或者能取得平衡的一些構(gòu)想,以達(dá)到最廣泛的共識(shí),統(tǒng)一的行動(dòng)。

    為了對(duì)全局進(jìn)行有效的控制,總協(xié)調(diào)師還要根據(jù)其對(duì)環(huán)境景觀形成的基本觀念預(yù)先策劃制定各項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)則,它將作為整體設(shè)計(jì)的原則引導(dǎo)各個(gè)單體在循序漸進(jìn)中得以貫徹、實(shí)現(xiàn)、完善,起到啟發(fā)創(chuàng)新的作用。在此前提下,又要避免造成對(duì)各單體專業(yè)自由構(gòu)想的束縛,以細(xì)則為依據(jù)進(jìn)行整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)作的協(xié)調(diào),在各專業(yè)之間按照具體的變化情況就整體和單體銜接部分之間進(jìn)行柔和的調(diào)整,使之達(dá)到統(tǒng)一。

    此外,總協(xié)調(diào)師還要在尊重各專業(yè)特點(diǎn)的前提下,為實(shí)現(xiàn)全局的一種“緩和寬松的秩序”而進(jìn)行工作,也就是說(shuō)總的協(xié)調(diào)是指制約的開(kāi)放性,或者說(shuō)是在整體觀上充分保持單體設(shè)計(jì)(專業(yè)設(shè)計(jì))者的自立性,充分發(fā)揮其個(gè)性特點(diǎn),把所謂的束縛性因素限制在最小的范圍內(nèi),最后達(dá)到辯證的統(tǒng)一,即互相限制了各自的不足,又保留了各自長(zhǎng)處,而且彼此心情愉快,形成最佳的綜合效應(yīng)。

    建筑物的設(shè)計(jì)處理大體有以下的一些手法:

    1

    公共建筑(1)總平面要結(jié)合地形地貌,因地制宜,構(gòu)圖優(yōu)美,比例勻稱,并注意韻律。(2)功能相近者盡量合并,減少地面分散的構(gòu)筑群,要做到大中見(jiàn)小、見(jiàn)透。(3)要處理好內(nèi)外部空間,做到寬松、明亮、空透、輕靈。(4)立面和平面都力求避免過(guò)于平直、呆板,可適當(dāng)組織上下、左右、高低參差,和配以局部的弧形以示流暢、舒適。(5)色彩上可區(qū)別于廠區(qū)建筑,但又不能太過(guò)于突出,必須符合統(tǒng)一中求變化的大原則,即在和諧中求局部的突變和醒目。(6)屋頂?shù)奶幚砜梢栽谄轿蓓數(shù)幕A(chǔ)上適當(dāng)配以小斜頂,或局部注以建筑符號(hào)起到全區(qū)的點(diǎn)綴、裝飾之用。

    2

    生產(chǎn)性建筑(1)合并同類型相近功能的設(shè)施,多占天,少占地。(2)平面要簡(jiǎn)樸,要注意構(gòu)圖均衡,立面處理不宜運(yùn)用過(guò)細(xì)的線條,要突出塊形,要有厚實(shí)感。要注意虛實(shí)對(duì)比,高低有序,前后層次,交錯(cuò)合理。窗子形式可作為一種圖案,多求變化。(3)要注意細(xì)部設(shè)計(jì),任何一種粗心大意、不拘小節(jié)都會(huì)給整個(gè)建筑帶來(lái)敗筆。特別要注意室內(nèi)的線路,管道、孔洞都要精心設(shè)計(jì),合理安排,一般不暴露在外。(4)色彩處理宜平淡整潔為主,另配局部點(diǎn)綴,其鮮明程度要次于廠前區(qū)建筑的色彩處理。(5)要考慮到建筑物的連接體處理,可以理解為是一種過(guò)渡,進(jìn)行超常規(guī)的處理,并顧及相互的空間和環(huán)境。(6)屋頂?shù)奶幚砜陕酝瑥S前區(qū)建筑。

    結(jié)束語(yǔ)綜上所述,給排水工程的建筑設(shè)計(jì)是一門多學(xué)科又“色、香、味”俱全的特殊工程,牽涉到的因素方方面面,千頭萬(wàn)緒。本文因涉及到的面較廣,工藝流程也較復(fù)雜,目前還存在著不少亟待解決的理論與實(shí)踐的關(guān)系問(wèn)題,由于這方面的理論較缺乏,實(shí)踐不夠,因此肯定會(huì)有許多不足,但不管怎樣只是想通過(guò)本文能對(duì)水廠(污水廠)的建筑設(shè)計(jì)全過(guò)程引起重視,作為提高水廠(污水廠)整體設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量的一種嘗試、探討。

    回答的字?jǐn)?shù)有限制的 沒(méi)法譯了 不好意思..

    四、關(guān)于建筑的文章翻譯成英文1500字 高分

    建筑學(xué),藝術(shù)修造在哪些人的要求和建筑材料是相關(guān)的以便裝備實(shí)用用途以及一種審美解答,因而不同與工程學(xué)建筑的純凈的公共事業(yè)。 作為藝術(shù),建筑學(xué)本質(zhì)上是抽象和非寫(xiě)實(shí)的并且介入空間、容量、飛機(jī)、大量和空隙關(guān)系的操作。 因?yàn)榇髲B在經(jīng)驗(yàn)連續(xù)通常被領(lǐng)會(huì)而不是同時(shí),時(shí)間也是在建筑學(xué)的一個(gè)重要因素。 在多數(shù)建筑學(xué)有整體結(jié)構(gòu)可以被了解的沒(méi)有有利位置。 使用光和陰影,以及表面裝飾,可能很大地提高結(jié)構(gòu)。 對(duì)大廈類型的The分析提供洞察入過(guò)去文化和時(shí)代。 在其中每一句更加巨大的樣式謊言一個(gè)偶然趨向亦不不是時(shí)髦,而且嚴(yán)肅和迫切實(shí)驗(yàn)之后的期間將回答具體生活方式的需要指向。 勞方氣候、方法,可利用的手段材料和經(jīng)濟(jì)全部強(qiáng)加他們的命令。 其中每一更加巨大的樣式由在新建工程方法的發(fā)現(xiàn)上援助了。 一旦開(kāi)發(fā),方法生存頑強(qiáng),讓路,只有當(dāng)社會(huì)改變或新的大廈技術(shù)減少了它時(shí)。 那個(gè)調(diào)優(yōu)過(guò)程由現(xiàn)代建筑學(xué)的歷史舉例證明,從對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)鋼和鋼的第一用途在中間第19分開(kāi)發(fā)。

    Until第20分。 有在建筑construction—the崗位和楣石的三巨大發(fā)展或者橫梁式的,系統(tǒng); 曲拱系統(tǒng),言詞一致的類型,使用硬化入同類的大量的塑料材料或者推力類型,裝載被接受并且被抵消在確定點(diǎn); 并且現(xiàn)代鋼骨骼系統(tǒng)。 在第20分。 大廈的新的形式構(gòu)想了,與使用鋼筋混凝土和大地測(cè)量學(xué)和注重皮膚(輕的材料,加強(qiáng)了)結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展。

    在國(guó)家之下的也See文章,即,美國(guó)建筑學(xué); 樣式,即,巴洛克式; 期間,即,哥特式建筑和藝術(shù); 各自的建筑師,即, Andrea Palladio; 各自的文體和結(jié)構(gòu)元素,即,網(wǎng)眼圖案,取向; 具體大廈鍵入,即,塔,公寓。

    古老世界的Architecture

    In埃及建筑學(xué),屬于將叫建筑學(xué)的某些最早期的現(xiàn)存結(jié)構(gòu)(BC架設(shè)由埃及人在3000之前),崗位和楣石系統(tǒng)完全被使用了并且生產(chǎn)了在歷史的最早期的石柱狀大廈。 W亞洲建筑學(xué)從同一個(gè)時(shí)代的使用了同一個(gè)系統(tǒng); 然而,被成拱形的建筑也被認(rèn)識(shí)并且使用了。 Chaldaeans和亞述人,依賴在黏土作為他們的首要材料,遵守形成堅(jiān)實(shí)殼潮濕的泥磚的被修造的有圓頂屋頂。

    實(shí)驗(yàn)的After世代與有限的品種大廈的希臘人給了簡(jiǎn)單的崗位和楣石系統(tǒng)它是獲得的最純凈,多數(shù)完善的表示(參見(jiàn)帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟; 建筑學(xué)命令)。 羅馬式建筑,借用和結(jié)合希臘的專欄和亞洲的曲拱,生產(chǎn)了在西部世界中的各種各樣巨大的大廈。 他們的混凝土的重大發(fā)明在被重建的萬(wàn)神殿(第2分使皇家建造者順利地利用W亞洲的穹頂建筑和報(bào)道浩大的完整的地板面積用偉大的穹頂和圓頂。 A.D.; 看見(jiàn)在萬(wàn)神殿之下)。

    樣式的The演變?cè)诠?

    The羅曼和早期的基督徒為頂房頂他們的大教堂大廳寬間距也使用了木捆。 希臘,中國(guó),和日本建筑學(xué)沒(méi)有使用建筑穹頂系統(tǒng)。 然而,在羅馬帝國(guó)的亞洲分裂,穹頂發(fā)展繼續(xù)了; 拜占庭式的建筑師在第6分試驗(yàn)了新的原則并且開(kāi)發(fā)了穹隅,精采地使用。 為Hagia Sophia教會(huì)在君士坦丁堡。

    The童年中世紀(jì)的羅馬式建筑學(xué)為強(qiáng),簡(jiǎn)單,巨型的在被切開(kāi)的石頭執(zhí)行的形式和穹頂是著名的。 在倫巴第羅馬式(第11分。)穹頂推力的拜占庭式的集中被肋骨設(shè)備和碼頭改進(jìn)支持他們。 (參見(jiàn)支柱),這里出現(xiàn)于胚胎的石工的有機(jī)支持的和支持的骨骼的想法,成為了中世紀(jì)建造者的激發(fā)的目標(biāo)。 在13世紀(jì)哥特式建筑它涌現(xiàn)了以被完善的形式,在Amiens和沙特爾大教堂里。

    新生建筑學(xué)(第15分The誕生。)開(kāi)始了數(shù)百歲月的期間在期間現(xiàn)代世界多個(gè)和復(fù)雜大廈開(kāi)始涌現(xiàn)的西部建筑學(xué)的在,而同時(shí)新和強(qiáng)迫的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)想沒(méi)出現(xiàn)。 羅馬上古的形式和裝飾品再次被復(fù)蘇了和被定購(gòu)了入無(wú)數(shù)的新的首要擔(dān)當(dāng)為獲得這些作用的一個(gè)方便工具組合和結(jié)構(gòu)。 復(fù)合體,高度裝飾的巴洛克式的樣式是首要顯示17世紀(jì)建筑審美。 英王喬治一世至三世時(shí)期樣式是在建筑學(xué)的著名的18世紀(jì)表示之中(參見(jiàn)英王喬治一世至三世時(shí)期建筑學(xué))。 第19分的前半。 被放棄了對(duì)經(jīng)典復(fù)興和哥特式復(fù)興。

    New世界,新的建筑學(xué)

    最新第19分的The建筑師。 找到自己在科學(xué)、產(chǎn)業(yè)和速度被改造的世界。 新的折中主義出現(xiàn)了,例如根據(jù)École des花花公子藝術(shù)的建筑學(xué),并且什么在英國(guó)和美國(guó)共同地稱維多利亞時(shí)代建筑。 而鋼、鋼筋混凝土和電于在許多新的技術(shù)手段之中安排他們的,一個(gè)新的社會(huì)的需要按了他們。

    After更多比一半世紀(jì)吸收和實(shí)驗(yàn),現(xiàn)代建筑學(xué),經(jīng)常叫國(guó)際樣式,導(dǎo)致大膽和原始的大廈,經(jīng)常在玻璃覆蓋的鋼亞結(jié)構(gòu)令人驚訝的品種。 鮑豪斯建筑學(xué)派是對(duì)現(xiàn)代建筑學(xué)的強(qiáng)的影響。 當(dāng)在建筑學(xué)和工程學(xué)之間的線成為了engineering—airplane飛機(jī)棚陰影、20世紀(jì)建筑學(xué)經(jīng)常接近的工程學(xué)和現(xiàn)代工作,例如—often瞄準(zhǔn)了并且達(dá)到了不容置疑的秀麗。 最近,后現(xiàn)代的建筑學(xué)(參見(jiàn)后現(xiàn)代主義),利用并且擴(kuò)展現(xiàn)代主義技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,當(dāng)經(jīng)常合并從其他建筑風(fēng)格或期間時(shí)的文體的元素,變成國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)。

    Architecture, the art of building in which human requirements and construction materials are related so as to furnish practical use as well as an aesthetic solution, thus differing from the pure utility of engineering construction. As an art, architecture is essentially abstract and nonrepresentational and involves the manipulation of the relationships of spaces, volumes, planes, masses, and voids. Time is also an important factor in architecture, since a building is usually comprehended in a succession of experiences rather than all at once. In most architecture there is no one vantage point from which the whole structure can be understood. The use of light and shadow, as well as surface decoration, can greatly enhance a structure.

    The analysis of building types provides an insight into past cultures and eras. Behind each of the greater styles lies not a casual trend nor a vogue, but a period of serious and urgent experimentation directed toward answering the needs of a specific way of life. Climate, methods of labor, available materials, and economy of means all impose their dictates. Each of the greater styles has been aided by the discovery of new construction methods. Once developed, a method survives tenaciously, giving way only when social changes or new building techniques have reduced it. That evolutionary process is exemplified by the history of modern architecture, which developed from the first uses of structural iron and steel in the mid-19th cent.

    Until the 20th cent. there were three great developments in architectural construction—the post-and-lintel, or trabeated, system; the arch system, either the cohesive type, employing plastic materials hardening into a homogeneous mass, or the thrust type, in which the loads are received and counterbalanced at definite points; and the modern steel-skeleton system. In the 20th cent. new forms of building have been devised, with the use of reinforced concrete and the development of geodesic and stressed-skin (light material, reinforced) structures.

    See also articles under countries, e.g., American architecture; styles, e.g., baroque; periods, e.g., Gothic architecture and art; individual architects, e.g., Andrea Palladio; individual stylistic and structural elements, e.g., tracery, orientation; specific building types, e.g., pagoda, apartment house.

    Architecture of the Ancient World

    In Egyptian architecture, to which belong some of the earliest extant structures to be called architecture (erected by the Egyptians before 3000 B.C.), the post-and-lintel system was employed exclusively and produced the earliest stone columnar buildings in history. The architecture of W Asia from the same era employed the same system; however, arched construction was also known and used. The Chaldaeans and Assyrians, dependent upon clay as their chief material, built vaulted roofs of damp mud bricks that adhered to form a solid shell.

    After generations of experimentation with buildings of limited variety the Greeks gave to the simple post-and-lintel system the purest, most perfect expression it was to attain (see Parthenon; orders of architecture). Roman architecture, borrowing and combining the columns of Greece and the arches of Asia, produced a wide variety of monumental buildings throughout the Western world. Their momentous invention of concrete enabled the imperial builders to exploit successfully the vault construction of W Asia and to cover vast unbroken floor spaces with great vaults and domes, as in the rebuilt Pantheon (2d cent. A.D.; see under pantheon).

    The Evolution of Styles in the Christian Era

    The Romans and the early Christians also used the wooden truss for roofing the wide spans of their basilica halls. Neither Greek, Chinese, nor Japanese architecture used the vault system of construction. However, in the Asian division of the Roman Empire, vault development continued; Byzantine architects experimented with new principles and developed the pendentive, used brilliantly in the 6th cent. for the Church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.

    The Romanesque architecture of the early Middle Ages was notable for strong, simple, massive forms and vaults executed in cut stone. In Lombard Romanesque (11th cent.) the Byzantine concentration of vault thrusts was improved by the device of ribs and of piers to support them. The idea of an organic supporting and buttressing skeleton of masonry (see buttress), here appearing in embryo, became the vitalizing aim of the medieval builders. In 13th-century Gothic architecture it emerged in perfected form, as in the Amiens and Chartres cathedrals.

    The birth of Renaissance architecture (15th cent.) inaugurated a period of several hundred years in Western architecture during which the multiple and complex buildings of the modern world began to emerge, while at the same time no new and compelling structural conceptions appeared. The forms and ornaments of Roman antiquity were resuscitated again and again and were ordered into numberless new combinations, and structure served chiefly as a convenient tool for attaining these effects. The complex, highly decorated baroque style was the chief manifestation of the 17th-century architectural aesthetic. The Georgian style was among architecture's notable 18th-century expressions (see Georgian architecture). The first half of the 19th cent. was given over to the classic revival and the Gothic revival.

    New World, New Architectures

    The architects of the later 19th cent. found themselves in a world being reshaped by science, industry, and speed. A new eclecticism arose, such as the architecture based on the École des Beaux-Arts, and what is commonly called Victorian architecture in Britain and the United States. The needs of a new society pressed them, while steel, reinforced concrete, and electricity were among the many new technical means at their disposal.

    After more than a half-century of assimilation and experimentation, modern architecture, often called the International style, produced an astonishing variety of daring and original buildings, often steel substructures sheathed in glass. The Bauhaus was a strong influence on modern architecture. As the line between architecture and engineering became a shadow, 20th-century architecture often approached engineering, and modern works of engineering—airplane hangars, for example—often aimed at and achieved an undeniable beauty. More recently, postmodern architecture (see postmodernism), which exploits and expands the technical innovations of modernism while often incorporating stylistic elements from other architectural styles or periods, has become an international movement.

    以上就是關(guān)于建筑景觀設(shè)計(jì)篇英文翻譯相關(guān)問(wèn)題的回答。希望能幫到你,如有更多相關(guān)問(wèn)題,您也可以聯(lián)系我們的客服進(jìn)行咨詢,客服也會(huì)為您講解更多精彩的知識(shí)和內(nèi)容。


    推薦閱讀:

    商業(yè)景觀設(shè)計(jì)哪家強(qiáng)一點(diǎn)(商業(yè)景觀建筑設(shè)計(jì)公司)

    建筑招工平臺(tái)(建筑招工平臺(tái)有哪些)

    拱形建筑物圖片(拱形建筑物圖片橋)

    投影排行榜

    景觀設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)畢業(yè)一年(景觀設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)畢業(yè)一年工資多少)