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genetically怎么讀（gertinly怎么讀）

發(fā)布時間：2023-03-12 21:46:40 稿源：創(chuàng)意嶺閱讀： 139 問大家

大家好！今天讓創(chuàng)意嶺的小編來大家介紹下關于genetically怎么讀的問題，以下是小編對此問題的歸納整理，讓我們一起來看看吧。

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本文目錄:

1、koala怎么讀
2、thedebateovergenetically出自
3、雅思閱讀A類：PaperRecycling
4、如何閱讀美國食品標簽

genetically怎么讀（gertinly怎么讀）

一、koala怎么讀

英 [kəʊ'ɑːlə]，美 [koʊ'ɑːlə]

一、意思：n. 考拉；樹袋熊

二、例句

The koala is the most popular animal in this zoo.

考拉是這個動物園里最受歡迎的動物。

三、詞匯搭配

koala bear 考拉熊；無尾熊；樹袋...

擴展資料：

生長環(huán)境

考拉棲息于澳大利亞東部沿海的島嶼、高大的桉樹林以及內(nèi)陸的低地森林等各種環(huán)境。然而，數(shù)百萬年前，考拉的祖先卻是生活在熱帶雨林中，長期的進化，使得考拉逐漸地退出了原有的棲息環(huán)境。

野生的考拉只會在適合其居住的地方出現(xiàn)，其中有2個重要的因素必不可少，其一是居住地必須有考拉首選采食、并有適宜的土壤和降雨來保證生長的樹種（包括非桉樹樹種）存在，其二是早已有其它的考拉在此定居。

參考資料來源：百度百科-Koala

二、thedebateovergenetically出自

英語六級題庫。thedebateovergenetically是2019年英語六級閱讀理解試題庫第三套里面的問題，12月六級真題全國共考了兩套聽力。本套（即第三套）的聽力內(nèi)容與第二套的內(nèi)容完全相同，原文是InBrazilthedebateovergeneticallymodifiedorgani。

三、雅思閱讀A類：PaperRecycling

大家在找雅思閱讀材料的時候千萬不能盲目地找，要找一些難度和內(nèi)容與雅思閱讀切合的文章，下面我給大家?guī)硌潘奸喿xA類：Paper Recycling，來看看吧！

雅思閱讀A類：Paper Recycling

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 30-41 which are based on the Reading Passage below.

PAPER RECYCLING

A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards, this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.

B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.

C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.

D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.

E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.

Questions 30-36

Complete the summary below of the first two paragraphs of the Reading Passage.

Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 30-36 on your answer sheet.

SUMMARY

Example ….

From the point of view of recycling, paper has two advantages over minerals and ………..oil……….

in that firstly it comes from a resource which is …….. (30) …….. and secondly, it is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is ……. (31) …… Although Australia’s record in the re-use of waste paper is good, it is still necessary to use a combination of recycled fibre and …….. (32) …….. to make new paper. The paper industry has contributed positively and people have also been encouraged by ………(33) ……… to collect their waste on a regular basis. One major difficulty is the removal of ink from used paper but ……… (34) ……… are being made in this area. However, we need to learn to accept paper which is generally of a lower ……… (35) ……… than before and to sort our waste paper by removing ……… (36) …….. before discarding it for collection.

Look at paragraphs C, D, and E and, using the information in the passage, complete the flow chart below. Write your answers in boxes 37-41 on your answer sheet. Use ONE OR TWO WORDS for each answer.

Answer:

30. sustamable 31. biodegradable 32. virgin fibre/ pulp 33. governments/ the government 34. advances 35. quality 36. contaminants 37. offices 38. sorted 39. (re)pulped 40. de-ink/ remove ink/ make white 41. refined

雅思閱讀--切莫“望文生義”

一、利用定義式線索進行猜測

定義是作者為了更好地表達思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術語或詞匯等所作的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對性，利用它們猜測詞義比較容易。例如:Kinetic energy is the energy of moving particles. Kinetic enegry 可能是生詞，由定義可知，表語是說明主語性質(zhì)內(nèi)容的。所以kinetic energy就是“運動粒子的能量”。

再如Typhoons are cyclones，storms with strong winds rotating around a low-pressure center.如果cyclones是生詞，推斷該詞義的線索就是其后面的解釋“繞低氣壓中心形成的暴風雨”由此我們可知cyclones的意思是“繞低氣壓中心形成的暴風雨”。在這種解釋中定義句的謂語動詞多為：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。

二、根據(jù)進一步闡述猜測詞義

雖然進一步闡述不如定義那樣嚴謹、詳細，但是提供的信息足以使我們猜出生詞的詞義。復述部分可以是適當?shù)脑~，短語或者句子。例如Experts in kinesics, in their study of body motion as related to speech ,hope to discover new methods of communications.

逗號中短語的意思是“對肢體語言進行研究的學科”。短語與前面生詞kinesics是同位關系，因此我們不難猜出kinesics指“肢體語言學”。在這種復述當中,構(gòu)成同位關系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接，有時也使用破折號，冒號，分號，引號，和括號等。

另外同位語前還常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, 等副詞或短語出現(xiàn)。另外一種會以定語從句的形式出現(xiàn)如從句Obesity, which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells.

根據(jù)生詞obesity后面的非限制性定語從句which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells. 我們可以推斷出 obesity的含義，即“過度肥胖”。

三、根據(jù)舉例猜測詞義

恰當?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索，例如The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“戰(zhàn)爭”和“重大科學發(fā)現(xiàn)”是生詞的實例，通過它們我們可以猜出epochal的大致詞義“重要的”。

四、根據(jù)上下文的語境關聯(lián)猜測詞義

例如Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, murder and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1985. 這句話中有許多生詞出現(xiàn)，但通過上文的crime和murder一詞，我們可以知道這些下劃線詞都是與犯罪有關的詞。在考試中，就不必費心去考慮它們的具體意思，知道大概類別即可。

再如Goran Ivanisevic fears only one service in tennis -- Michael Stichs. His toss is always the same: the straight one or the topspin. Sampras has a good serve and Becker too, but Stichs is the toughest to read.在此例中，大多數(shù)詞用于網(wǎng)球運動中的一些專門詞匯，我們可以不必理會，而主要關注認識的那些詞。這樣能夠大概理解此句講的是網(wǎng)球選手Goran害怕某種service, 通過上下文大致可得知這是指網(wǎng)球運動中的一個動作(比如發(fā)球、扣球等)。

其實，service就是“發(fā)球”的意思。從形容詞straight可知Stichs發(fā)球的特點，而且他是最難預測的一個。這樣一來就可以很好地把握文章內(nèi)容了。

雅思閱讀--如何排除干擾項

一、重要干擾項

重要干擾項就是指，這種選項雖然不是正確答案，卻與原文不沖突(或者很難判斷是否與原文沖突)，它們與正確答案看起來比較相似，只不過不如正確答案更準確、更完整或更嚴謹。我們和我一起來看下面的例子：

In Tarkovsky’s opinion, the attraction of the cinema is that it

A aims to impress its audience.

B tells stories better than books.

C illustrates the passing of time.

D describes familiar events.

我們可以定位到原文的C段和D段，C段提到：The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture. Pictures were still, only reality moved; this must, therefore, be reality. In their confusion, they feared that a real train was about to crush them. 這一段文字表達了觀眾當時的反應，觀眾們很難接受自己看到的是圖畫而不是事實。D段提到：The key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events. A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. But in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured. 這段文字描述了電影創(chuàng)造了事件隨時間的發(fā)展演變，并且用picture和novel進行類比，強調(diào)電影的魔力是讓人清楚地看到事情流暢地隨時間演變。

根據(jù)這兩段文字所表達的意思，很多學生會選擇A或B選項，因為原文提及了觀眾、小說(書)的內(nèi)容。A和B兩個選項與原文所講的內(nèi)容并不是矛盾或完全不符合的。因此，這兩個選項就干擾了我們正確的選擇。當我們把這兩段文字仔細推敲之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)描述觀眾的反應和對比書和電影的區(qū)別，都是為了表達電影的魔力在于表達事件隨時間的發(fā)展這一主題含義。C項的含義比AB要更準確，因此答案選擇C項。

二、錯誤干擾項

相比之下，多選題目的錯誤干擾項就較容易識別出來了。我們可以看到，有些題目中，某個選項與原文是直接矛盾的，那么肯定不會選擇它為正確的答案。比如：

A recent survey found that in British secondary schools,

A there was more bullying than had previously been the case.

B there was less bullying than in primary schools.

C cases of persistent bullying were very common.

D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.

我們看到原文，其中有一句話是：There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying. 通過這句話，我們可以明顯地判斷出，C項的含義與原文是矛盾的。very common和one in twenty-five的比例是明顯不符的。因此，C選項就是一個錯誤的干擾項，我們可以確定地排除答案是C項的可能性。

雅思閱讀如何判斷出題者意圖

如何判斷雅思閱讀題考察點

雅思閱讀備考有些學生為了省事省力又省心，總是想盡各種方法尋求雅思閱讀學習技巧，從而進一步將自己的雅思閱讀提高方法更準確無誤的總結(jié) 出來。事實上，技巧的掌握是輔助學生做雅思閱讀題的工具，它的存在可以有效的保障學生探測出題人的出題思路和意圖。本文為大家介紹從雅思閱讀技巧判斷出題意圖。

從直接用詞來直接判斷作者的立場

在雅思閱讀文章當中，作者的立場主要分為三類：贊成、反對或中立。這需要我們從文章中找出一些旗幟鮮明的詞來幫助我們判定(這種立場的分類需要學生在求雅思閱讀技巧的同時，對文章的大致內(nèi)容和題型分類有了解)：例如有一篇介紹GMOs(轉(zhuǎn)基因生物)的文章中，第一句話是：Genetically-modified organisms(GMOs)are a double-edged sword(雙刃劍)。這句話是全文或至少是全段的主題句，表明出題者的觀點是中立的，認為轉(zhuǎn)基因生物給人類帶來益處的同時也帶來了危害。在閱讀這類文章時，考生應注意把住這兩方面的論據(jù)在心里加以分類。

通過理解轉(zhuǎn)折詞來看作者的態(tài)度

作者的觀點和態(tài)度往往在雅思的文章中有一個先揚后抑的過程，會通過一些轉(zhuǎn)折詞表現(xiàn)出來，前面會列出很多幌子來迷惑考生。這些常用的有：although，though，while，on the other hand，however，rather，but，despite，in spite of等。

雅思閱讀提高方法的找尋需要學生在細節(jié)上有很好的耐力和查找能力，其中轉(zhuǎn)折詞的存在大有裨益。表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞是猜測單詞詞義的很好的線索。另外，在一句話中，轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的部分往往是出題者表達的重點，所強調(diào)的東西。如果時間緊張的話，考生甚至可以跳過這些詞前面的部分，直接閱讀后半句話，因為這常常是問題涉及到的。

通過原因和結(jié)果推測作者的意圖

在閱讀過程中，了解出題者解釋某個事件或情況的原因是很重要的。因果關系是幫助考生理解文章的線索之一。因此，考生應掌握下列詞匯。解釋原因的：because，because of，due to，result from，as a result of，be a consequence of，be attributed to;表示結(jié)果的：as a result，result in，lead to，cause，contributed to.

四、如何閱讀美國食品標簽

在美國食品的包裝上，通常有六部分美國聯(lián)邦法律規(guī)定必須標注的內(nèi)容。

1、Identification(身份)

這一部分有兩方面的內(nèi)容，一是產(chǎn)品的名稱、含量;二是生產(chǎn)商、包裝商以及經(jīng)銷商的名稱和聯(lián)絡方式。如果該公司沒有在所在城市電話簿中進行登記，還必須標注出公司的詳細地址。

2、Ingredients (配料)

配料的名單必須按照內(nèi)容量的比例由大到小排序。比如一罐花生醬，其配料的排列順序就是roasted peanuts(烘干花生), sugar(糖), hydrogenated vegetable oils(氫化植物油), salt(鹽)。所以，患有糖尿病和高血壓的患者，當看到食品中含有sugar(糖)和salt(鹽)等配料時，應該意識到這種食品不宜食用。

美國有一種花花綠綠水果味道的早餐麥圈很受小孩子喜歡，叫Froot Loops。其實這種麥片原名叫Fruit Loops，意為水果圈。但標簽上的十幾種配料中，根本就沒有水果的痕跡。所以，這種食品迫于壓力改了名。但是，這種產(chǎn)品水果的形象強烈深刻(Froot和意思為水果的Fruit發(fā)音相同，詞形也相似)，商家設的這個圈讓消費者一鉆就是幾十年。

在食品配料中，美國目前并沒有明確法律要求針對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品進行標注。這方面立法最大的困難是對轉(zhuǎn)基因(Genetically modified)這一概念難以劃定界限以及龐大利益群體的阻撓。盡管民間呼吁不斷，立法提案層出，但最終還是紛紛落馬。因為沒有相關立法，強調(diào)非轉(zhuǎn)基因食品標簽上可能會出現(xiàn)如下措辭：

GMO free，not genetically modified，not genetically engineered，no using of biotechnology。帶有這些英文標識的，就是非轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。

3、Serving Size(食用份量)

這是為計算營養(yǎng)成分而設定的每餐食用量，是非常重要的一個數(shù)量，也是商家?guī)еM者做腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎的題目。如果不細看這個數(shù)量，很容易被后面的每日攝入量誤導。

你拿到一袋薯片，包裝上標注有Serving Size 18，意思是18片薯片為一個serving size。不過，分量(serving)不是指這袋薯片的量，可能這袋薯片好幾個分量(serving)。

例如，這盒果凍的標簽上寫著每一個serving(分量)只有80個卡路里，但是當我們抱著健康減肥的幻想，把一盒不含工業(yè)明膠的放心果凍吃下去時，會發(fā)現(xiàn)這一盒實際包括四個servings。做做乘法，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)你幾口便輕易地吞下了一頓飯的熱量。

4、Nutrition Facts(營養(yǎng)表)

早在上世紀90年代初就施行的美國《營養(yǎng)標簽和教育法》(Nutrition Labeling and Education Act，NLEA )規(guī)定，食品應當根據(jù)每餐食用量標注營養(yǎng)成分含量。這些成分包括：calories(卡路里，即熱量);total fat/saturated and trans fat(全部脂肪/飽和脂肪和反式脂肪); cholesterol(膽固醇); sodium(鈉);total carbohydrates (dietary fiber and sugars)(碳水化合物，如食物纖維、糖);protein(蛋白質(zhì))。

除此之外，還需要對主要的微量元素進行標注，如維生素A、C和鈣、鐵等元素。如果食品的包裝上出現(xiàn)了關于某種特別維生素或礦物質(zhì)的宣傳，那么這種成分的含量也必須單列出來。

5、 %Daily Values(日需攝入量占比)

依照美國食品和藥物管理局(Food and Drug Administration，F(xiàn)DA)的規(guī)定，營養(yǎng)標簽上還需包括每日攝入量百分比。這個總量是以每人每天攝入2000或2500卡路里熱量計算的(不適用孕婦、哺乳期婦女、四歲下兒童)。看懂這個計算就能讓我們避免被商品包裝上的營養(yǎng)宣傳口號誤導。

比如，一小盒哈根達斯冰激凌，營養(yǎng)成分標注的飽和脂肪含量為每日攝入量的50%，這樣的脂肪含量已經(jīng)很驚人了。不過，可能你決定豁出去放縱自己一下。不過，當你三口兩口把整盒都干掉的時候，才發(fā)現(xiàn)serving size旁邊的小字寫的是：1/ 2 cup(半份含量)!

6、 Health Claims(健康聲明)

健康聲明是生產(chǎn)商標注在包裝正面醒目位置的一些提示性話語，是美國食品和藥物管理局對商家五花八門自吹自擂行為進行的約束，具體的條文十分細致。

比如less fat/low fat/fat free(少脂肪、低脂肪、無脂肪)，這三種脂肪含量的描述就被嚴格地定義。

less fat(少脂肪)，指比同類普通食品少25%或25%以上的脂肪;low fat(低脂肪)，指每餐食用量少于3克脂肪;fat free(無脂肪)，指每餐食用量少于0.5克脂肪。這一文件可以在美國食品和藥物管理局網(wǎng)站上的行業(yè)指南：食品標簽指南(Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide)上找到。

最后需要提醒的是，在美國食品標簽管理上最混亂的一個區(qū)域──保質(zhì)期。

在美國，購買的食品上都能找到生產(chǎn)商自覺標注的保質(zhì)期。因為沒有統(tǒng)一格式，就需要我們用點心思來辨識。

Sell by+日期意為×××前銷售。不過，這是生產(chǎn)商用來約束零售商的日期，并不代表這個食品到那天就不能食用了。

Best if Used By(or Before) +日期，意為最佳食用期是×××，是建議消費者在此日期前食用。在此日期之后食用，可能會缺失風味或營養(yǎng)，但不代表不能食用。

Use By+日期，生產(chǎn)商判斷在此日期后該產(chǎn)品不再適合食用，應該立刻丟棄。Closed/coded+日期是產(chǎn)品包裝的日期，多見于超市生鮮類食品。

要注意的是，與中國年/月/日的日期表達格式不同，美國的日期標準表達格式是月/日/年。

因為除了嬰兒配方奶粉，美國沒有聯(lián)邦法律規(guī)定食品必須標注保質(zhì)期。實際上，法律在這方面的空白，也是為了保護消費者的利益。因為食品制造者無法以產(chǎn)品超出保質(zhì)期為由推脫責任。(來源：超市周刊作者：張衡　)

以上就是關于genetically怎么讀相關問題的回答。希望能幫到你，如有更多相關問題，您也可以聯(lián)系我們的客服進行咨詢，客服也會為您講解更多精彩的知識和內(nèi)容。